Sunday, December 29, 2019

Why Copper Bowls Are Better for Whipping Egg Whites

The bowl you use makes a difference when you are whipping egg whites. Copper bowls produce a yellowish, creamy foam that is harder to overbeat that the foam produced using glass or stainless steel bowls. When you whisk egg whites in a copper bowl, some copper ions migrate from the bowl into the egg whites. The copper ions form a yellow complex with one of the proteins in eggs, conalbumin. The conalbumin-copper complex is more stable than the conalbumin alone, so egg whites whipped in a copper bowl are less likely to denature (unfold). How Does Whisking Change the Eggs? When air is whisked into egg whites, the mechanical action denatures the proteins in the whites. The denatured proteins coagulate, stiffening the foam and stabilizing the air bubbles. If the foam is overbeaten in a non-copper bowl, eventually the proteins become completely denatured and coagulate into clumps. There is no going back from the clumpy mess to nice foamy whites, so overbeaten whites are usually discarded. If a copper bowl is used, then fewer protein molecules are free to denature and coagulate, because some are tied up in conalbumin-copper complexes. In addition to forming complexes with conalbumin, the copper may also react with sulfur-containing groups on other proteins, further stabilizing the egg proteins. Although the iron and zinc found in other metal bowls also form complexes with conalbumin, these complexes dont make the foam more stable. When glass or steel bowls are used, cream of tartar may be added to egg whites to stabilize the whites.

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Personal Statement On Family Therapy - 1246 Words

Abstract Family Therapy can be implemented in a different ways in a program that provides a facet of services, but it’s imperative that the approaches used are appropriate for the individual or families utilizing services. Functional Family Therapy is used to help deal with substance abuse in families but can also be used to assist with behavioral issues in children. A well rounded family service program can not only use this one approach but utilize other approaches to meet the needs of the population being served. And while implementing the service ethics will play a major role in the therapy being providing. Keywords: Family Therpay, Functional Family Therpay.Ethics Compare and Contrast To get a full understanding of family theory one must first have the understanding of what is theory. Theory is a systematic collection of concepts and relations. Family however can mean a broad range of things to a person. One person may consider family to be father, mother, sister and brother; however, to someone else family could be just one parent with one child; and to another it could their friends. Family systems theory however defines the family as a system. Family consist of interrelated parts, each impacting the other and adding to each other’s growth (or detriment) of the other. And because family is always changing, growing, self-organizing, and becoming accustomed to each other and the exterior environment (White Klein, 2008). Now let’s take a look at theShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Family Therapy Essay1775 Words   |  8 Pagesgood opportunities. Thus, I was required to go to intensive family therapy for three days a week, with a woman named Jul ie. Fortunately, after therapy I saw a change in myself, and I began to learn new skills to communicate, and cope with my anger. Although, I’ve gone to see many therapists before, Julie was the one counselor that gave me hope, and after meeting her my life has positively changed. This experience of going to family therapy, and meeting Julie has influenced me to want to help otherRead MoreWhy A Phd Is Necessary For Your Career Goals1662 Words   |  7 Pages1. Why do you want to complete a PhD in Marriage and Family Therapy? What do you intend to do professionally after you graduate? Please explain why a PhD is necessary for you to achieve your career goals. These questions assess the strength of your motivations, which is an indication of your ability to succeed in the program. Describe your experience and interest in research. What research question might you want to answer with your dissertation? Do you desire to teach? If so, in what context? WhatRead MoreA Research Study On The Family Process Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesBowenian therapist to evaluate the family process are questions, experiments and displacement stories. During the course of therapy, the clinician asks many questions. The therapist can ask process questions as a way to lessen anxiety and learn how the family operates (Miller, 2010). Relationship experiments are another useful tool to foster insight. A relationship experiment is an assigned behavioral task to identify and modify current dysfunction among family system members. Displacement storesRead MoreFamily Crucible Family Systems Theory1249 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This paper will use the book The Family Crucible to demonstrate the authors’ family systems approach to therapy. Narrative theory is compared and contrasted with family systems theory, and is ultimately integrated into my own theoretical foundation for practice as a social worker. Family Systems Therapy In The Family Crucible, Augustus Napier and Carl Whitaker’s form of therapy was strongly influenced by family systems theory, a burgeoning theory of the time. General systems theoryRead MoreHumanistic And Experiential And Emotionally Focused Theories793 Words   |  4 PagesWright Marriage, Couple, and Family Therapy HUMN – 6356 – 3 Dr. Emmett Roberts Walden University March 20, 2016 Humanistic Theory is the main focus on self, which transcends into â€Å"you† and â€Å"your†, then it will be about your experiences. It was mentioned that a person is free to choose their own behavior than just reacting to environmental stimulants and reinforcements (www.answers.com). Then with Humanistic Theory it is mostly focused on to facilitate personal development all together. TheRead MoreNursing Case And Care Plan Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategies to ensure that Mr. Smith’s pain is adequately addressed is to deal with personal and/or spiritual issues. This is primarily because Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people tend to consider factors that are associated with ill health such as pain and discomfort as personal or spiritual issues (Commonwealth of Australian, 2005). This implies that dealing with pain would require dealing with personal or spiritual issues as well as cultural transgression since it influences Mr. Smith’sRead MoreStructural Family Theory And Its Effects On Family1470 Words   |  6 Pagescertain family members are negative or positive. As well as diving into the functions of families, and how members interact with each other. Minuchin’s theory consists of a heavy emphasis on family functioning, rather than looking into the language systems (Levy, p. 57). Then, leading families to reflect back on how they respond as family to a crisis, will assist in determining the family’s strengths and weaknesses will be important in understanding the thoughts and feelings of the family membersRead MoreEssay Small Group Proposal1375 Words   |  6 PagesSmall Group Proposal Mental Health Group for Adolescent Boys                            I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract- brief statement summarizing concept and rationale for the group The small group that is being proposed is designed for adolescent boys, ages 13-17, who have been recently diagnosed with a mental illness. The focus of the treatment group is for the boys to come to accept their mental illness using the seven stages of death designed by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross. Read MoreReflection Paper On Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1163 Words   |  5 Pagesmy thoughts had on my behavior was in middle school. Growing up in a poor family, college was just a dream I wished to achieve. I knew for it to be achievable, I needed to succeed academically. Unfortunately, I did not think I had the skills or abilities to do so. Negative thoughts about my ability to succeed in school haunted me. I was constantly comparing myself to those around me. Knowing only a few people in my family graduated from high school only furthered my negative thoughts. The fear ofRead MoreMy Future As A School Counselor1605 Words   |  7 Pagescontacting a health care provider or s chool staff about their child’s difficulties, 49% reported their child with prescribed medication, and 44% reported their child had received treatment other than medication (Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, 2008). Theories of counseling are based on a theoretical framework of understanding, interpretation, and integrity. It is not a matter of a theory being â€Å"right or â€Å"wrong,† as every theory offers a unique contribution to understanding human

Friday, December 13, 2019

Corrosion is a natural process Free Essays

Materials corrode due to the deterioration caused by its interaction with its environment. It is the process in which metallic atoms form compound in the presence of water and gases. (Machinery’s Handbook 29th edition, â€Å"Corrosion is an irreversible interracial reaction of a material (metal, 2013) ceramic, polymer) with its environment which results in its consumption or dissolution into the material of a component of the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Corrosion is a natural process or any similar topic only for you Order Now Often, but not necessarily, corrosion results in effects detrimental to the usage of the material considered. Exclusively physical or mechanical processes such as melting and evaporation, abrasion or mechanical fracture are not included in the term corrosion. â€Å"( Advances in Corrosion Engineering Lecture 1, 2013) Corrosion and erosion is two different things. Corrosion can’t be caused by physical causes unlike erosion, galling or wear. Chemical attack accompanies physical deterioration as described by the terms: corrosion erosion, corrosive wear, fretting corrosion. Plastics may swell or crack , wood may split or decay, granite may erode, Portland cement may leach away. But the term corrosion is presently restricted to chemical attack of metals. Rusting is only applied to the corrosion of iron or iron base alloys with formation of corrosion products consisting largely of hydrous ferric oxides. Nonferrous metals, therefore, corrode but do not rust. (Corrosion and Corrosion control, 2013) There are three significant reasons of studying corrosion. The first area of significance is economic which includes the objective of reducing material losses resulting from the corrosion of piping, tanks, metal components of machines, ships, bridges, marine structures and so on. The second area is improved safety of operating equipment which may be hindered by corrosion and will lead to dictatorship consequences. The last significance is conservation, applied primarily to metal resources which is limited in this world, and the wastage of them includes corresponding losses of energy and water reserves associated with the production and fabrication of metal structures. The least important reason is the accompanying conservation of human effort entering the design and rebuilding of corroded metal equipment, otherwise available for socially useful purposes. Corrosion and Corrosion There are five facts in the process of corrosion formation. First, ions are involved and need a medium to move in (usually water). Second, oxygen is involved and needs to be supplied. Third, the metal has to be willing to give up electrons to start the process. Fourth, A new material is formed and this may react again or could be protective of the original metal . Fifth, A series of simple steps are involved and a driving force is needed to achieve them. The most important fact is that interfering with the steps allows the corrosion reaction to be stopped or slowed to a manageable rate. Beginners Guide to Corrosion , 2003) There are two basic types of corrosion namely uniform and localized corrosion. Uniform corrosion occurs veer the majority of the surface of a metal at a steady and often predictable rate. Although it is unsightly its predictability facilitates easy control, the most basic method being to make the material thick enough to function for the lifetime of the component. Localized corrosion can deal a more severe damage than uniform surprisingly short period of use or exposure. There are thirteen types of localized corrosion namely galvanic corrosion, pitting corrosion, selective attack, stray current corrosion, microbial corrosion, intracellular corrosion, concentration cell corrosion, harmonically corrosion, corrosion caused by combined action, corrosion fatigue, fretting corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, and hydrogen damage. (Beginners Guide Cost of corrosion and its control experienced by one pulp to Corrosion, 2003) and paper company was estimated to be 20 million dollars annually. The United States alone have total combined losses of corrosion estimated conservatively to be about 70 billion dollars annually, or 4. 2% of the gross national product . It has been estimated that about 15% of this total could be avoided if currently available corrosion technology were effectively applied. Studies of the cost of corrosion to Australia, Great Britain, Japan, and other countries have also been carried out. In each country studied, the cost of corrosion is approximately 3-4% of the GNP. Corrosion and Corrosion Control, 2013) Indirect losses are more difficult to assess, but a brief survey of typical losses of this kind compels the conclusion that they also cost several billion of dollars. Indirect losses are divided into five which are shutdown, loss of product, loss of efficiency, contamination of product, overdressing. The shutdown of corroded equipments can cost a lot while repairs is underway. Loss of products occur through corroded pipe systems until repairs are m ade. How to cite Corrosion is a natural process, Essays

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Is Marijuana A Solution For The Opioid Epidemic Example For Students

Is Marijuana A Solution For The Opioid Epidemic? An Opioid Epidemic in the United States The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently published an analysis that showed drug overdoses are the leading cause of accidental deaths in the United States – surpassing even that of automobile accidents (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). A majority of these deaths are related to prescription opiates and heroin use. Opiates are drugs commonly prescribed as pain relievers, including oxycodone, codeine, morphine, and fentanyl. The class of drugs also includes the illicit drug, heroin (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). Prescription opioids are currently involved in â€Å"more overdose deaths than any other drug† with 20,101 related deaths in 2015 – four times the number in 1999 (â€Å"Overdose Death Rates†). Heroin overdoses have also risen fourfold in the past 16 years, with 12,990 deaths in 2015 (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). Many are calling this dramatic increase in opioid-related overdose deaths in the United States an â€Å"Opioid Epidemic .† This epidemic has three main indicators: increases in sales and prescriptions of opiates, high rates of opioid-related mortality, and a surge in admissions to treatment centers for opiate addictions. Driving this epidemic is the surge in the prescription of opiates, which nearly tripled from 76 million prescriptions filled 1991 to 259 million prescriptions filled in 2011 – corresponding to the dramatic increase in opioid-related overdose deaths (Nolan). Many of these painkillers are even being prescribed for conditions they have been proven ineffective for, including chronic pain. This increase in sales and use for prescription opiates is problematic because opioids are associated with a high risk of overdose death and addiction. Many studies also point to a strong causal relationship between prescription opioids and heroin use. According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine, a survey of new heroin users found that four in five started out abusing prescription opioids (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). Heroin is a much deadlier and addictive drug, with 23% of users developing an opiate addiction (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). The overdose potential for both drugs is high because patients’ tolerance to the toxic effect of opioids builds slower than tolerance to its euphoric effects (â€Å"Opiates (Narcotics)†). Many suggest that marijuana could be a cure for this rise in problematic opiate use because studies show that marijuana is less addictive than opioids and have a near-zero potential for overdosing (Hall and Pacula). This paper will analyze whether marijuana could act as an alternative treatment for conditions usually treated by opioids and how medical marijuana legalization impacts problematic use, influence the supply of opiates driving the problem, and effects heroin and opiate use rates that characterize the opioid epidemic. Marijuana as Treatment Substitute In â€Å"Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,† the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) reviewed 79 relevant trials that examined the impact of marijuana on a broad range of conditions that marijuana is commonly prescribed for, such as chronic pain, nausea and vomiting due to chemotherapy, spasticity from multiple sclerosis, and sleeping disorders (Whiting et al.). Although they also found that cannabinoids were associated with moderate improvements for most of the conditions analyzed, a majority of the studies had high risks of bias or the improvements were not statistically significant (Whiting et al.). The JAMA analysis did find â€Å"moderate-quality evidence† that supports a â€Å"30% or greater improvement in pain with a cannabinoid compared with a placebo† (Whiting et al.). However, this beneficial effect was accompanied by the increased risk of short-term adverse effects, including dizziness, nausea, and fatig ue from the cannabinoids themselves. Despite the adverse effects, this potential of cannabinoids to alleviate chronic pain is promising. There is much controversy over opiates’ efficacy in treating non-cancer chronic pain (â€Å"Opioids for Chronic Pain†). In some patients, due to a combination of tolerance – the adjustment of the body to dosage over time – and opioid-induced hyperalgesia – an increasing sensitivity to pain, opioids taken over an extended period of time may actually increase the amount of pain experienced (â€Å"Opiates for Chronic Pain†). If marijuana can treat chronic pain better than opiates can over an extended period of time, then marijuana can substitute for opiates. Not only could reduce opiate-related side effects, but it could also reduce the prescription dosage needed. Consequently, fewer opioids would need to be prescribed, reducing the supply available for use and misuse. Marijuana as a treatment substitute could lower risk for opiate-related addicti on and potentially overdoses. .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .postImageUrl , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:hover , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:visited , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:active { border:0!important; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:active , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prevention For Opioid Drug AbuseAbrams and his colleagues studied the effect of marijuana-opiate interaction in patients with chronic pain. They administered vaporized cannabis to 21 patients with various conditions who were receiving either oxycodone or morphine in stable doses (Abrams et al.). After five days of administering the vapor, the researchers evaluated the patients’ pain level and found an average pain reduction of 27.2% when cannabis was added to the opiate. This significant reduction in pain suggests marijuana enhances the pain-relieving effect of opioids. Since fewer opiates are needed to achieve the same effect, mixing opioids with marijuana could potentially allow for lower opioid doses and an accompanying decrease in opioid-related side effects such as nausea and sedation (Abrams et al.). This suggests another treatment for chronic pain – a combination of both cannabis and opioids to minimize the amount of exposure to each drug. Not only would this lower the risk of opiate dependence, but also minimize the risk of long-term harms associated with marijuana use that may still be unknown.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Balanced Scorecard Case free essay sample

o Read and analyze Case 3, The Coors Case Balanced Scorecard, at the Institute of Management Accountants Web Link located in Week Threes learning materials. In your Learning Team, answer the six questions at the end of the case: o Link the Coors vision statement to Coorss key business strategies or six planks. Are there any gaps? o Link the Coors Operation and Technology (OT) department vision statement to the OT strategies or supply chain guiding principles. Are there any gaps? o Provide possible explanations for the performance gaps identified by Coors benchmarking analysis. o Answer the frequently asked question (FAQs) already raised by employees about the Coors BSC project. o Considering the prior gap and benchmarking analyses, design specific performance measures with benchmarked targets, where feasible, and reporting frequency to create an operational and acceptable BSC for Coors. o Perform an economic value-added (EVA) analysis to assess its potential as a BSC financial performance measure for Coors. We will write a custom essay sample on Balanced Scorecard Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page o Write a paper in which you incorporate your findings from the case questions and address the following: o What were the companys objectives in implementing the Balanced Scorecard? What problems was the company trying to address? o Describe the implementation plan and process. How was implementation affected by the company characteristics such as culture, competitive environment, management style, or capabilities? Identify at least three company characteristics that affect the plan. o What issues were encountered? How is the company addressing implementation difficulties or concerns? o Do you think the company will be successful? What changes might you make to improve on the companys actions or intended actions? Suggest at least three recommendations to management. o Format your paper according to APA standards.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

College Time Management 101

College Time Management 101 Time management can be one of the most important- and difficult- skills to learn during your college years. With so much going on, staying on top of your time can sometimes seem impossible. You might very well come to realize that time is your most precious commodity in college. Fortunately, however, there are a number of things you can do to help make sure your time management as a student leaves you feeling organized and in control instead of exhausted and behind. Planning Ahead You cant plan your time well if you dont know what youre planning for. Although it can be a pain in the brain, spending a little time now can help save a ton of time in the future. How to Plan for a Major Research PaperHow to Plan for a Major Group ProjectHow to Prevent Procrastination in the First Place8 Steps for Strong Time Management in College Avoiding Problems in Advance Of course, sometimes  life just happens. So how can you make sure you avoid unnecessary time traps that can turn from a minor inconvenience to a major problem? Top 10 Time Wasters in CollegeJust What Is Good Time Management Anyway? Executing Youve planned ahead. You know what to look out for along the way. Youre ready to start this semester/project/paper/you-name-it and stay on top of your time, all of the time. Whats the best way to execute your plans? Good Time Management Systems- and How to Use Them5 Critical Time Management Skills for College StudentsUsing the TIMED System for College Time Management Finding Motivation Along the Way Good time management takes, well, time. So what can you do if you find yourself needing a little motivation along the way? 8 Benefits of Good Time Management5 Disadvantages of Bad Time ManagementTime Management Quotations Times Up?! What to Do If Time Runs Out Sometimes, not matter how much you plan or how great your intentions are, things just dont work out. So what can you do to fix- and learn from- your time management mistakes? How to Ask for an ExtensionHow to Make a Paper LongerHow to Break the Habit of Procrastination Just like everything else youre learning during your time in school, great time management skills take time to learn- and that includes letting yourself learn from your mistakes. Strong time management is important enough, however, that continually striving to improve is worth the effort each and every time.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Micro1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Micro1 - Essay Example The cost is nil as well for attendees whose higher degree provides upward revision of earnings. The components of opportunity cost include fees paid for tuition purposes, foregone earnings, book prices, leisure time. The percentage of opportunity cost and the money value is closely correlated. Tuition fees of colleges can be treated as the greatest cost of attending college. Answer 2 Decisions taken at the margin are one of the key factors in decision making processes. The marginal cost accrued to a decision is taken into account by the decision maker at the margin. The decision maker judges whether the cost is greater than the benefit when the decision will take effect. An example is as follows: an employer judges the additional cost of recruiting an extra employee with the benefit the organization gains from recruiting that additional person. If it is analysed that benefit exceeds the salary, then the employer decides to recruit the person. Average cost is used while determining de cisions on investments and tax. Answer 3 The statement is as follows: â€Å"HSBC in Talks on Possible Sale of Ping An Stake†. The statement is a positive statement as it can be accepted or rejected depending on the available evidences (The Wall Street Journal, 2012a). The statement is as follows: â€Å"Sahara Feeling heat over bond sales†. ... The statement is a positive statement as it can be accepted or rejected depending on the available evidences (The Wall Street Journal, 2012d). Answer 4 The scenario under assumption is seamstress decides to produce more dresses in an hour than the seamstress usually does. The incentive behind such action of the seamstress can be listed as follows: 1) Subsidy on dress prices from the part of the government; 2) Fall in price of raw materials; 3) Reduction in transport prices necessary for supply of goods to the market; 4) Rise in demand conditions; 5) Possibilities of exports opening up. There may also be some disincentives like fall in the export possibilities of the goods, uncertainty getting accrued to the production process, and sudden fall in demand expectations. The scenarios based on political, legal or cultural aspects are unavoidable. Answer 5 It is assumed that the farmer uses the available land in efficient fashion. The following diagram denotes the total amount of corn and beans he can produce. The farmer has the luxury to produce 150 units of beans if he chooses not to produce any corn. On the other hand, he can produce 300 units of corn if he chooses not to produce any beans. In economics, such an action is defined as efficient use of resources. The opportunity cost of corn at each level of production is 25 units of beans. The marginal cost of the farmer at each level of production is the cost of 25 units of beans. The slope of the line is 25. The slope of the line is same as the marginal cost. Answer 6 The costs of producing corn and beans are needed to determine the level at which the farmer should produce. Answer 7 Answer 8 The skills that have been taken under consideration to be compared are

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Reading the paper and answer question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reading the paper and answer question - Essay Example Traditional methods and materials have been replaced by modern means of nail connections and light wood frames. He further sees today’s carpenters as finishers of houses, rather than builders of houses. He begins by telling the readers about Henry Mitchell, his neighbor who has lived in the same house for 85 years. Henry Mitchell watches the writer renovate his house often. Each renovation watched by his neighbor reminds the writer of the original builder of his house one and a half centuries ago (Invention & Technology, 1999). The writer notes that before the 19th century, frame houses were built using large timbers. The constructors believed that sawing was a waste of materials and labor, so, through experienced workers, they only squared off logs to facilitate connection. This gave rise to the balloon frame. They introduced nails and lumber in mass production, giving further advantage to the balloon frame. The results were savings in man hours, less requirements in skills a nd a complete change in ways of building. The writer also notes that balloon frames are structurally and materially more efficient. Since no joint is of more significance than another, then the connection between each wood is efficient. This exemplifies modification of building practices progressively. Although the practices called for less labor, simplified connections and used light weight materials, they were limited because construction of houses never reached a fully automated level. Therefore, in as much as it was an innovation, it has remained resistant to change, to the surprise of many (Invention & Technology, 1999). The writer also believes that the American style of construction of houses was influenced by the Midwest, made up of the French, Amerindians, Europeans and Spaniards (Invention & Technology, 1999). The 19th century saw new houses rise in demand, occasioned by a change in wood technologies, and American settlers around the Mississippi at that time found new cult ures in building. The settlers built sawmills as one of their new enterprises, contributing to the millions of feet of lumber produced in the region. This denotes a change towards the new culture, because if the settlers had been close to a river, they would have used saw planks instead. The writer also believes the invention of balloon frame lies with the Chicagoans. This is because the balloon frame is among the City’s founding myths. It has also been mentioned as a contributing factor to the 1872 Chicago fire. It is believed that in 1833 when Chicago was a year old, Augustine Taylor, a carpenter from Connecticut, was requested to build many houses but his response was to invent balloon frames (Invention & Technology, 1999). In that year, wood was of variable quality and dimension. In the structure of a balloon frame, one joint may collapse due to poor quality wood, but the main structure will remain stable because of many redundant joints. Nevertheless, the openings left b y the collapsed joints would let in cold in cold weather. It was, therefore, suggested by Taylor that dimension lumber, since it reacts in different ways than wood plunks and timber, be selected by experienced carpenters. It would then be assembled into a building leaving allowance for contraction and expansion. With all the displayed experience, observers noted that Taylor must have worked with balloon frames before his arrival in

Monday, November 18, 2019

No topic 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No topic 1 - Essay Example inees through journal writing but there are other researchers who have shown that journal writing cannot assess how the practitioners will stop during an activity to frame the problem according to their past experiences and observations. Judging trainees through journal writing can impact their writing so it is not an effective assessment technique. However, reflective writing still is a great assessment mechanism in which the medical educators assess the writing both qualitatively and quantitatively and find out if the trainees have used reflective process in analyzing and solving a clinical problem by linking their knowledge with what should be done. Educators can assess whether trainees have tried to synthesize the information in the reflective process and have considered all perspectives to the solution. They can also assess whether the trainees have explored options other than what is needed or have made assumptions but do not know how to apply them. Thus, this way the educators can assess the trainees through the reflective

Friday, November 15, 2019

Practice Structures from Motor Learning

Practice Structures from Motor Learning Skill acquisition is partially dependent on the amount of practice and the structure of practice for the learner. Choose an activity and using the principles of practice and practice structures from Motor Learning answer the following questions. A. Identify and describe the skill with detail along with the characteristics of the learner (age, athletic ability, etc.). The learner is a high school freshman baseball player still in growth development and attempting to improve his fielding mechanics. Although the learner has played baseball in the past, the players fielding skills are average. The player also has average athleticism, is right hand dominant, but requires specific attention to details to improve fielding ground balls that are hit directly towards the learner. The learner is also attempting to play shortstop for the high school team. Fielding a ground ball that is hit in a straight line in front of the player using a glove is the skill that will be taught. When fielding a ground ball, the learner should approach the ball with the palm of the glove facing the baseball as the arm is straight and descending like an airplane and not like a helicopter. As the learner is approaching the ball with the glove and arm positioned as previously mentioned, the learner should take a banana like curve towards the ball to read the location of the ball skipping off the ground. After the banana curve and descending the glove like an airplane, the learner should then field the ball way beyond his toes as his back is bent forward in a squat-like position. The learner should come to the connecting point between the glove and the ball with a right to left step pattern as the learner gets into a squat position. As the learner is getting into the squat position to field the ball, the right hand should extend with the palm facing down while the palm of the right hand is on the bottom of the glove resembling an alligators open mouth. Once the learner is in a squat position with both the glove hand and right hand covering the baseball, the learner is then instructed to close the ball in the glove while controlling the ball with the throwing hand. During this period of controlling the ball, the learner should funnel the ball to the stomach while maintaining eye contact all the way until the ball is in the learners throwing hand entirely. As the ball is in the throwing hand, the fielder should cross the left foot over the right leg, continue to follow the left leg through to assume a throwing position, and finally use the learners throwing abilities to throw at a target once he the ground ball has been fielded. B. Describe the different types of practice appropriate for an advanced performer and one who is just learning the activity. Blocked practice is a repetitive sequence which allows the individual to practice the same skill (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 257). This type of practice is for both advanced and unskilled learners to utilize. Random practice is when an individual performs numerous skills in a random order to limit consecutive repetitions (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 257). Practice that is randomized is useful for advanced learners. Constant practice is when an individual practices while performing only one variation of a set of skills (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 271). A developing learner could field the same type of ground balls and throw to first while an advanced learner could field the same type of ground ball and throw to first, then field the same type of ground ball and throw to second base. Both types of constant practice are beneficial for both learners. Varied practice involves different versions of a skill to be rehearsed (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 271). For the purposed skill being pr acticed, an example of varied practice would be having the learner field a variety of ground balls from different distances and throwing to different positions on the baseball field. Varied practice is more beneficial for advanced learners due to the degree of difficulty that would be carried out. For example, fielding a ground ball from multiple angles and switching between throwing to first and second after fielding. C. Discuss why the practice structure you select is appropriate using motor learning principles of practice schedules. Since the learner is a freshman baseball player who is trying to develop a consistent movement pattern to field a ground ball, the best practice structure to use is blocked practice. Blocked practice allows the individual to practice the characteristics of the skill using repetition. Through blocked practice, the developing individual can improve in fielding during the motor stage of learning. While progressing through the motor stage of learning, the coach can provide some precise feedback, but the individual can modify self-movement patterns to accomplish goals of fielding ground balls correctly. Since the freshman baseball player already has a general idea of how to field a ground ball hit towards the fielders direction, blocked practice would allow the learner to reach a high skill potential of fielding a ground ball towards the learner due to repetitive movement patterns. Learners advance through various stages of learning, when developing a skill. Whether a beginner or an expert. Use the stages of learning principles to answer the following questions. A. Name the different stages of learning as well as explain the characteristics of the different stages of learning. In the beginning of learning a skill, the goal of the learner is to get a general idea of what the body needs to do to produce the movement (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 200). This is the verbal-cognitive stage. Learners going through this stage when developing a skill often do a lot of thinking while they talk to them self about how they will accomplish the task (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 200). There is much improvement throughout the verbal-cognitive stage even though the movements tend to be unathletic and not the best quality (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 201). During this stage of learning, it is important for the instructor to demonstrate with visual cues as the learner attempts to mimic the movements demonstrated (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 201). After a certain time of repetitive, decent, quality movements, the learner will then progress into the motor stage where the movement is much more effective (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 201). While the motor stage does not involve th e most skill potential, it is the stage of motor learning when the learner discovers the most effective and consistent ways to refine the movement (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 202). Progression through the motor stage is often the longest stage a learner completes (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 202). Once the learner has corrected the movement pattern after receiving feedback and improving the skill, the autonomous stage is when the learner needs to give limited attention to how they produce the movements to the skill and focus on how the movement can be modified to be more effective (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 202). Self-confidence improves in the autonomous stage because errors are less likely to occur as the learner is close to the highest potential of the skill. Even though the autonomous stage is the final stage of learning, it is a never-ending phase as it takes years of practice for the learner to produce the skill flawless (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 203). B. Use a scenario where an individual would go through the different stages and items that would take place during each of those stages. Explain the scenario fully. (sport or skill all information must be accounted for in explaining what is going on.) When learning how to throw a baseball, the learner begins by being instructed by the baseball coach. The learner is a six-year old tee-ball player who is right handed while having no prior experience with throwing a baseball. The individual is an average height and weight for a six-year old male. Throwing a baseball was taught from the very beginning stages and the process begins as the verbal-cognitive stage begins for the learner. The learners coach explains that the grip of the fingers should be placed over the laces as he shows with a visual demonstration. The youth baseball player then attempts to copy the exact same grip learned from his coach by telling himself, place the fingers over these red marks on the ball. After a decent grip of the ball has been performed, the coach then instructs the youth baseball player to face the hand (as the grip of the ball remains the same way) away from the face. The coach informs the learner to pretend the hand is a cobra snake. Using this cu e, the learner understands that the cobra snake needs to be facing away from the face so the snake doesnt bite the face. As the learner is gripping the baseball, the start of the throwing motion begins when the learner takes the ball out of the glove. The learner is then instructed to grip the ball as previously learned, face the ball towards the ground, then keep the ball facing the ground and away from the face while bringing the ball up directly behind the head with the arm in an angled position. This motion is demonstrated repeatedly to the learner so the learner can mimic the exact movement several times. The learner is constantly talking out loud about the directions to throw a baseball. The learner says, grip the laces, face the cobra away from the head during the wind up, and release the ball in front of the head towards the target. As the learner is attempting the initial phase of throwing a baseball, the learner forgets to face the cobra away from the face and starts to de velop bad habits. The coach quickly corrects the bad movement pattern providing extrinsic feedback by explaining, dont forget to face the cobra away from the face while bringing the baseball down and up. Once the ball is gripped correctly, the ball is behind the head after the wind up, and the ball is facing away from the face so the cobra doesnt bite, the learner is then instructed to throw over-head to a target. The throwing motion was demonstrated so the learner again has a visual demonstration of what the skill should look like. The ball isnt close to the target because the ball was released at an inappropriate time. The coach tells the learner to release the ball in front of the head and have the ball roll off the fingers so the ball has backspin. This is also demonstrated visually. Over a period throughout the practice day, the learner eventually gathers the general movement of throwing a baseball. Although the learner understands the general movement, the throw is not accurat e and still requires much improvement and attention. At this point of motor learning, verbal-cognitive stage is still occurring. However, once the learner has developed a general throwing movement from demonstrations, verbal cues, and thinking, the learner begins to make effective adjustments. The learner then begins the motor stage with more confidence. In this stage, the learner is adjusting the entire body. The learner understands that foot placement improves throwing accuracy, the release of the ball is more consistent, and trunk rotation control is more consistent. Since throwing a baseball is a closed skill, the learner focuses more on repeating high quality throwing motions and making the throw consistently smoother and controlled (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 202). After the motor stage produces a more efficient throwing skill, the autonomous stage occurs where the player starts throwing to different targets (i.e. throwing to the first baseman, throwing to the second baseman, throwing to the catcher, or throwing long distances). Performing in the final stage, the learner has developed a crow-hop giving the player more power with throws. The learner also developed quicker and more specific ways to throw the ball to different targets such as developing skills during a relay throw to the catcher from the outfielder. Throughout improvements in throwing a baseball while the learner was completing the autonomous stage, the learner also developed throwing skills to throw different types of pitches such as the curveball and knuckleball. C. Explain what happens to the learner in each the stages of learning for the scenario. As previously mentioned, the learner started throwing at six-years old. In the verbal-cognitive stage, the learner utilizes demonstrations, visual cues, and verbal cues to provide self-talk and thinking when producing the movement. In the scenario discussed above, the learner thinks of directions such as, grip the laces, face the cobra away during the wind up, and release the ball in front of the head towards the target. Self-talk and thinking while attempting the skill is common during the verbal-cognitive stage. The goal of the learner while progressing through the verbal-cognitive stage is to understand the general movement. The motor stage is different than the verbal-cognitive stage when explaining what happens during each stage of the throwing movement. Recently stated, the motor stage begins when the learner already has a general pattern to move. Therefore, the learner seldom uses self-talk or thinking to produce movements in the motor stage. Instead, the improvements are made quickly and the throwing motion performance is more effective. Like what was stated recently, the learner realizes how to use the entire body to produce a better throw which eventually becomes consistent. For example, the learner learned in this stage that correcting foot placement would allow more throwing accuracy. When the learner progresses through the motor stage, the learner is developing as a human being. The individual has much more control over the body and is much older. The learner has become so aware of the environment that the learner understands the closed skill of throwing a baseball and can adjust without much feedback. In the final stage of learning, the learner shows great potential in throwing a baseball. The learner is fully developed as a human-being which means he does not have to adjust based on how his body grew. At this point, the learner is mastering a craft and knows where to place the body and arm to provide the most efficient throw. This is the autonomo us stage of learning where the individual may have to use a crow-hop throughout the throwing motion to hit the target successfully as mentioned above. Either way, the learner has the confidence to produce an effective motion that is near the maximum skill potential. You are teaching someone how to perform a motor skill, such as catching a ball, performing a squat or dribbling a ball (hand or foot). Using various motor learning principles answer the questions below. A. Identify and describe the skill with detail along with the characteristics of the learner. The learner is a ten-year-old little league baseball player who is left handed and not fully developed. The learner is unathletic, average height compared to teammates, and in healthy condition. The motor skill being taught is catching a baseball thrown directly at the body using a glove. B. Using effective instructional techniques (instructions, demonstrations, learning cues) outline the process in which each would be used to teach someone the skill that has been selected. To begin instructing the skill, a description of the skill is necessary. Step one is getting into an appropriate position to catch the ball. Before the ball is released from the hand of the individual throwing the ball to the learner, the right hand wearing the glove should be up with the same arm extended on an angle directly in front of the chest while assuming the ready position. Meanwhile, the left hand is next to the glove prepared to cover the glove after catching the ball using the palm and webbing area of the glove. The learning cue for the arm positioning to catch the baseball is to teach the ready position. Step two is keeping the eyes on the ball. As the ball approaches the glove, the learner is to maintain eye contact with the ball as it hits the spot of the glove and squeezes the thumb and fingers together to keep the ball in the glove which then turns into step three in the instructional process. The learning cue for this direction is squeeze. Meanwhile, the left hand i s covering the glove so the ball does not drop out of the glove. After the description of the skill, a demonstration of catching a ball was the final step before observing the learner attempt the skill of catching a baseball. C. Using the memory process, explain how the learning takes the information presented to them and puts it into memory. The memory process is made up of three distinct memory systems (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 54). Memory plays an important role in movement patterns. With the appropriate amount of practice, any skill or movement pattern can be memorized (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 54). Short-term sensory storage (STSS) is the initial phase of memory. In this phase, information is constantly being segmented in the brain and is only maintained as a stimulus for only a few hundred milliseconds (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 54). The STSS phase processes these short bouts of information in such a simultaneous manner that learners use very little focus on the processing (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 54). Once the information is processed in STSS, short-term memory (STM) assesses the processed information as it pertains to the skill being learned. In the STM phase, the pertinent information of the skill remains in the memory shortly while the irrelevant information does not get processed (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 54). When practicing a skill such as catching a ball, every time the skill is experienced, information learned throughout each experience is only maintained if focus is on that information (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 54). Since STM has a limited capacity, it is up to the learners to utilize this phase of memory as effectively and efficiently as possible while being instructed. In the third and final phase of the memory process, information is mostly stored much longer than the first two stages. Long-term memory (LTM) stores an endless amount of information from experiences for an excessive duration (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 55). LTM has more control and effort to process information so that actions can be retrieved, modified, and performed continuously so those actions can be utilized for other skills no matter the difficulty (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 56). D. While the learner is performing the skill, feedback is used for various things. Provide example feedback statements as well as what those statement address. Intrinsic feedback is the information that is sensed from produced movements either outside the body or within (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 285). While learning the skill of catching a ball, examples of intrinsic feedback would be how hard the ball is, what the ball sounds like when hitting the glove, how much more does the glove need to open to catch the ball in the web space, or where does the arm need to move to catch an overthrown ball. Another form of feedback is extrinsic. Extrinsic feedback is information sensed by an outside source such as a coach, teacher, or another teammate (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 286). Examples of extrinsic feedback would be comments from a coach such as, Great job keeping your eye on the ball, or Next time, move your entire body where the ball is going. Knowledge of performance is considered a type of extrinsic feedback (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 289). This type of extrinsic feedback addresses the action. Something like you did not keep your eye o n the ball, is an example of knowledge of performance. Knowledge of results, on the other hand, is also extrinsic feedback but addresses the success of the skill rather than the action (Schmidt Wrisberg, 2008, p. 286). You didnt catch that ball using two hands, is an example of knowledge of results. References Schmidt, R. A., Wrisberg, C. A. (2008). Motor learning and performance: A situation-basedlearning approach. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Human Brain versus Computers :: Technology Neurology Sensory Organs Essays

The Human Brain versus Computers In the past few decades we have seen how computers are becoming more and more advance, challenging the abilities of the human brain. We have seen computers doing complex assignments like launching of a rocket or analysis from outer space. But the human brain is responsible for, thought, feelings, creativity, and other qualities that make us humans. So the brain has to be more complex and more complete than any computer. Besides if the brain created the computer, the computer cannot be better than the brain. There are many differences between the human brain and the computer, for example, the capacity to learn new things. Even the most advance computer can never learn like a human does. While we might be able to install new information onto a computer it can never learn new material by itself. Also computers are limited to what they â€Å"learn†, depending on the memory left or space in the hard disk not like the human brain which is constantly learning everyday. Computers can neither make judgments on what they are â€Å"learning† or disagree with the new material. They must accept into their memory what it’s being programmed onto them. Besides everything that is found in a computer is based on what the human brain has acquired though experience. In addition, emotions can be only transmitted by the human brain and cannot be programmed into a computer. One of the reasons is there are too many emotions to be described and they can be a mixture of feelings that it would be hard to put it into one category. Furthermore, the computer wouldn’t have the ability to know to what situation he should apply certain emotion. And different emotions can be applied to the same situation; it all depends on the experiences in our past. Emotions are personal and are different for every person and it would have to be different for every computer. Another difference between the human brain and the computer is, the creativity of the human brain. For instance humans can create art, act in plays, or write stories and songs but computers can only help us in these activities not come up with them. While computers can help us solve math problems and find answers to certain questions it can never think of new solutions until they have been programmed into them. Furthermore computers cannot create new games or produce anything they desire like humans.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

10 Effects of Smoking in Health

10 Effects of Smoking in Health Are you aware about effects of smoking habit? Scientific studies reveal that smoking causes short-term as well as long-term effects on health. American Lung Association says smoking affects around 9 million people in U. S alone, and it causes the death of approximately 450,000 individuals per year. Cancer is a common serious threat of smoking. It also causes several aesthetic problems, cardiovascular problems, respiratory problems and reproductive health problems. This article discusses about various negative effects of smoking. 1.Respiratory Health Effects – Tobacco contains several toxic substances that damage our lungs and other respiratory organ while inhaling. It seriously affects larynx and trachea which in turn result in the permanent killing of lungs. Long-term smoking causes harsh side effects like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. 2. Cardiovascular Health Effects – Smoking caus es the narrowing of blood vessels and arteries by depositing several toxic substances. This affects their normal functioning, and causes high blood pressure.Prolonged smoking gradually leads to nerve problems& blood clots, which may result in heart attacks or strokes. 3. Vision Health Effects – Smoking causes vision problems like macular degeneration and cataracts. Researches show that long-term smoking causes incurable vision problems that may even result in blindness. 4. Reproductive Health Effects – Smoking causes less production of estrogen  hormone that is linked to infertility in women. Premature birth, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), under weight problems, and early menopause are common reproductive effects in women. Long-term smoking causes impotency in men. 5.Skin Health Effects – Premature aging, yellowish skin and wrinkles are commonly found side effects of smoking. Skin damage is directly linked to smoking since it restricts the adequate blood flow in skin. Majority of addicted smokers lose their appetite and reduce the intake of food. Inadequate nutrition and food habits result in serious health effects on skin. 6. Psychological Effects – smoking has addictive side effects since it contains Nicotine. Majority of smokers believe that smoking makes them feel relief. However, truth is that smoking causes several addictive problems, which may result in depression and anxiety. 7.Digestion Problems – Smoking causes heartburn problems, liver damage, reduced appetite, crohn's disease and ulcers. Long-term smoking results in the damage of esophagus, and that causes acid reflux & heart-burn problems. Crohn's disease is a severe intestine disease that causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, etc. 8. Respiratory Alignments – Health and Human Services of U. S reveals that smokers are more prone to respiratory alignments like flu, pneumonia, cold, bronchitis, etc. They also take longer recovery time compared to normal pe rsons. 9. Athletic Performance Issues – Smoking affects the physical fitness of an individual.Long-term smokers are more prone to injuries and accidents. Smokers have reduced capacity to generate sufficient muscle cell & collagen to generate muscles. 10. Other Effects – Smoking causes awful body odor and bad breath as well. Since smokers have reduced smell sense, they may not consider it as an issue. There are about 5 million people in the world die in each year from the effects of smoking. Smoking is an unnecessary health hazard that causes serious effects. Quitting this habit is not easy. However, when you quit smoking you not only save your health but also our environment!

Friday, November 8, 2019

Geoffrey Robertson Conflicting perspectives Essay Essay Example

Geoffrey Robertson Conflicting perspectives Essay Essay Example Geoffrey Robertson Conflicting perspectives Essay Essay Geoffrey Robertson Conflicting perspectives Essay Essay We are positioned to agree with his perspective through his use of selective anecdotes and witty language such as puns that are incorporated to mock the conflicting perspective. The fiction novel, Rosy Is My Relative by Gerald Darrell, also explores the easily manipulate nature of the legal system, positioning a conservative English prosecutor against a witty defense counsel. It does so in a satirical manner, and uses humorous character stereotypes to persuade the responder to support the protagonists case. In both, The Trials of Oz and Romans in Britain, Robertson resents the responder with the overzealous nature of conservatives in politics and law In their prosecution of pornography, the censorship he feels threatens the human rights of the defendants. He does this by representing the judge Justice Argyle as prejudice and out of touch with the time. This is shown by his careful selection of anecdotal evidence including the Judges motto, We Just dont do this kind of thing in Birmingham. Through this we understand Robertsons attempt to show the narrow-mindedness of the Judge in this way. He mocks him through his description of the Judges verdict on the Oz Case with the metaphor with the relief of man making a bowel movement after weeks of constipation, which effectively conveys both the Judges perspective on the Oz editors as well as Robertsons perspective on the Judge which can be seen as an Incompetent and self-important fool. As the judgment is handed down, Robertsons rhetorical question where were we, the Soviet Union? Brings an image of the English legal system as an oppressive censorious power, opposed to once that Is Just. It powerfully asserts his view of the case for the responder to understand that the censorship of Oz magazine was similar to the oppressive Soviet regime and therefore must be opposed. Through this, we recognize that the conflicting perspectives presented by the composer are fundamental in enabling our human desire to raise questions about s ignificant issues. : Robertson in the -Trials of Oz, and Darrell through Rosy is My Relative, both portray the law as a game, a fluid process whose outcome can be significantly influenced by the perspectives that contend for justification within it. Thus, it can be seen as unjust at times. Duresss fictive narrative and Robertsons non-fiction novel compellingly give an account of the conflicting perspectives In their texts through satirical representations of their characters. The simile used to describe the Judge, looking like a surprised mole shows the legal system as blind and therefore easily Magnums, by calling the Judge Lord Turkey, as tops, mocking his reputed befuddled nature. Darrell sets up the law as a confused entity to reinforce his argument that it can be subject to manipulation. The superiority of Sir Magnums perspective over the prosecutions case is summed up with combined metaphor and truism, Remember that a spider spends hours weaving a web which you can destroy with a flick of the wrist. This metaphor implies that the laws perspective on an issue (the web) can be rover wrong simply by an act of dramatic oratory flourish, as he is prone to throughout the novel. In Sir Magnums explanation of the law to his client Adrian, working on the extraordinary system that twelve men are better than two or six or four, nobody takes into consideration that twelve imbeciles might be more dangerous than two, Darrell aptly sums his interpretation of the law. Similar to Geoffrey Robertsons interpretation, Darrell uses Magnums rhetoric and truisms to convey how the law is a game that is played, and is played to be won by the man who exploits the weaknesses of the system. The satirical tone in his writing is a key factor in humorously presenting this perspective and thus our human desire to raise questions can be evoked. The Romans in Britain echoes the central issue of The Trials of Oz, except this time Robertson shows a private prosecution with the intent to censor and discredit the defendant. Again, Robertson mocks the conservative British attitude towards pornographic expression through his extensive use of satire to simultaneously mock the ludicrous nature of the case and ridicule Mary Whitehorse; the morally pompous cultural vandal, which assists in persuading spenders to support his opinion on censorship of the theatre. Robertsons disdain for She who must be dismayed is ubiquitous, categorizing Whitehorse as a fundamentalist religious crusader through a accumulation of biblical allusions devout legal battalion, divined and Rapturously. He cleverly combines prosecutor with the sexually connotative dominatrix to or the pun prosecutors, thus ridiculing and deflating Hothouses status and condescending her perspective that the 1981 production in the Royal National Theatre was obscene and liable to corrupt audiences with its demonstration of buggery. The responder is provided with an undistorted view of the play as extracts of the play are included to convey its moral and cultural significance and essentially demonstrate the emetic, opposed to erotic nature of the scene, which Robertson appreciates as a puritanical work. Robertson, through his satirical portrayals of Justice Argyle and Mary Whitehorse as cantankerous old conservatives with outdated views of society, and the contrasting of them in his book with his own conflicting liberal perspective, attempts to convey that such dogmatic pursuit of the censorship presented is a waste of time. Robertson invites responders to share his amusement of the dramatic and pretentious nature of the British legal system through the extended metaphor of comparing the courtroom with the Theatre, thus allowing responders to fulfill their fundamental desire to raise questions about issues and persuading them to support his opinion on censorship of the theatre by dismissing the case and appreciating the play for its cultural value. In conclusion, Robertson and Darrell effectively demonstrate their ability to convey perspective allows the composers to raise particular issues from different contexts, enabling our human nature to inevitably raise questions.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

International Women’s Day Pioneering Female Writers

International Women’s Day Pioneering Female Writers International Women’s Day: Pioneering Female Writers It’s International Women’s Day, which seems a good time to celebrate pioneering female writers! But instead of looking at the obvious candidates – your Wollstonecrafts, Austens, and Woolfs – we thought we would focus on writers who deserve a little more recognition than they usually get. 1. Enheduanna When people discuss the first female author, they often point to Sappho, the sixth-century BC poet from the Greek island of Lesbos. But while Sappho is a key figure in literary history, she was not the first female poet. For that, we have to go back another 1,700 years to the Sumerian city-state of Ur. There, we will find Enheduanna, the High Priestess of the goddess Inanna and the moon god Nanna. Among other achievements, Enheduanna wrote a series of hymns and other religious texts. This makes her not only the first known female poet, but also the first named author in history. And if that doesn’t make her a pioneering writer, we don’t know what would! 2. Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe We’re not saying that the Revelations of Divine Love – a book of fourteenth-century mystical Christian devotions about universal love and hope in a time of plague and war – is going to suit everyone’s tastes. But it is the first book written in English by a woman, Julian of Norwich. So it does have an important place in literary history, and more people should know about it! Julian of Norwich (in statue form).(Photo: Matt Brown/flickr) Oddly, another literary first by a female author comes from Norfolk, England: The Book of Margery Kempe by Margery Kempe, was the first autobiography written in English. Even stranger is that Kempe mentions visiting Julian of Norwich in 1413 in her book. So not only were there two pioneering female authors in one part of England at that time, they even knew one another! 3. Anne Bradstreet Moving beyond England itself, we have Anne Bradstreet. An important early American poet, Bradstreet moved to the English North American colonies in 1630. She and her family settled in what is now Massachusetts. And while there, she wrote poetry that reflected her religious and emotional conflicts as a woman writer and Puritan. Bradstreet is noted for being America’s first published poet, with The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, By a Gentlewoman of Those Parts. This was also the first book written by a woman published in what would become the U.S., so Anne easily makes our list of female literary pioneers. 4. Phillis Wheatley and Lucy Terry Phillis Wheatley was the first African-American woman to be published. Her book, Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, came out in 1773 to much acclaim. And her fans included George Washington, who noted her ‘great poetical Talents’ in a letter. Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. The earliest known work of literature by an African-American woman – or, in fact, by an African American of either gender – is ‘Bars Fight’ by Lucy Terry. The ballad describes an attack on two white families by Native Americans in 1746. But it was only published in 1855, 24 years after Lucy Terry’s death. Both Wheatley and Terry, though, were undoubtedly literary pioneers. Are there any authors you think should have been on our list? Let us know!

Monday, November 4, 2019

Quize in Health & Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quize in Health & Safety - Essay Example In many of those situations there was no individual to blame because there was a long chain of command and the seniors were not aware of the risks of the actual work whereas the juniors were just carrying out their jobs. As a result no on could be blamed for any cases of work related death. Surprisingly current laws require that an individual is pinpointed for any disaster that occurs in a company. This is extremely difficult at larger corporations as a result of which only small companies have been prosecuted to date. (Economist) The main purpose of the new law is to ensure stronger action against organisations for which the existing law has little or no importance and application. This new offence nevertheless does not increase or reduce individual responsibility but instead provides a distinguishable basis for what can be best called the criminal liability of organisations. The new law will no doubt improve safety levels in companies as it shall apply when someone has been killed because the senior management has "grossly failed to take reasonable care for the safety of employees or others". (Paton) The existing law on corporate manslaughter is unsatisfactory.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Qualitative study appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Qualitative study appraisal - Essay Example It is the continuity which has several harmful manifestations. Literature Review In order to influence, justify and explain certain actions in research, it is always important for the researcher to conduct a literature review. This is also the case if readers are to believe the findings and other assertions formulated by the researcher. To Mason (1996), a research report without literature review lacks an integral part which is supposed to accord the researcher the opportunity to cite reliable who have researched on the same topic. To Mason further, literature review asserts confidence that the writer is not the first to contemplate on the issue, others before have. Newham (1997) argues that, any research paper without literature review is full of the author’s thoughts and opinions and is very hard to convince others otherwise. The researcher in this paper has put a considerable number of reliable citations giving the research paper the required foundation. Study Approach Both qualitative and quantitative research designs were used. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the information. The combination of the two approaches accords the researcher several advantages. Qualitative approaches generate verbal information and not numeric which is analyzed using the holistic analysis approach proposed for qualitative research designs. Inductive reasoning which is involved in qualitative research studies gives the researcher more freedom to probe for more information and explanations. Further, the researcher chose to continue with the qualitative approach since qualitative data collection tools are flexible and can accommodate urgent changes/refinement in cases of new research ideas. This means that the research setting is not affected in the process of the research design implementation. Data collected using the qualitative data gathering methods is very rich and has justified explanations which evoke feasible research contexts.  A qualitative me thod leads to more realistic feel which cannot be given by numerical data analysis in addition to giving the researcher the opportunity to interact and have a feeling of the participants in their own terminologies. The findings which emanate from such techniques benefit from the fact that the data is primary and unstructured and thus the researcher can twist them to fit the context thus giving a better meaning. Quantitative approaches on the other give rise measurable data and are directed by a formulated hypothesis which is determined by the collected data set empirically. In quantitative research design, the research statements and problem are defined in specific terms and not generals statements and clearly specifies the independent variable and the dependent one. Quantitative approaches gives rise to measurable and objective hence providing an effective way of determining casual findings. Data collected using such methods is said to be reliable and valid as there are restriction s placed before actual data collection. Such information puts controls and ensures objectivity in analysis. A valid and reliable approach is used by the researcher to articulate issues. Combining the advantages of the two approaches eliminate any possibility of a biased report. Considering a small group representing other races ensures data quality which makes it possible to generalize the findings to fit

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Small Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Small Business - Case Study Example With the impetus given by the government on creating infrastructure, not only for the local population, but for the perceived needs of the tourists, I had a feeling the tourism industry would pick up in a great way in our region. There have been fast food joints operating in our area for quite sometime, but these predominantly serve American food. There were one or two eateries serving local food, but the service was not upto the mark. The need of the hour was to open a restaurant which could cater to an international clientele , and yet allow them to experiment with the local cuisine, if they felt like. Yes, I had made up my mind to exploit this potential and open a budget restaurant,which could cater to the growing number of tourists, who wanted to have cuisines from all over the world and were willing to experiment the local flavours too. Location plays a very important role in determining the success or failure of a business venture, especially a small business venture, like an eatery. The business and revenues would most certainly depend on the number of persons visiting this outlet. So, I had to make sure that it was in the heart of the city or such appropriate place , where tourists would flock for a good bargain. Luckily, an existing eatery was on sale, very close to the city center and I finalized on it. It had only one floor built, so, I could add some more floors, in case my venture was successful. Finance/Credit The cost of the building with the existing unit was 5000. Mobilizing such a huge amount was a nightmare. Somehow, I was able to mortgage my house and apply for a loan from the Bank of . My papers were cleared and I had been sanctioned and amount of 3000 from the bank, to be repaid over a period of ten years. I was able to arrange the rest of the amount as loans from friends and relatives. Next I had to think about the workers, their salaries, cost of renovations etc. Workers We decided to start with a minimum number of workers. The family members would have to pitch in as and when they had a chance. My wife and I would take care of the restaurant in the day and my college-going son was asked to help in the evenings, as the rush would be too much for the two of us to handle. So, we needed minimum help in the form of 1. cook-1 2. servers/helpers-2 Apportioning a salary of 100 for the cook, and 50 each for the servers, we would have the rest of the profits. The cost of raw materials had to be factored in, which would work out to 100 during lean days and any where from 200-300 during the tourist season. Marketing Investing a reasonable amount in marketing and creating consumer awareness has its own benefits for any business. We set aside a sum of 500 fro placing advertisements in in-flight magazines, and pamphlets to be distributed at tourist spots. Once people starting visiting us, our reputation would depend more on the word of mouth. We had to be very careful in treating each customer and paying individual attention. Our place had to be spanking clean and

Monday, October 28, 2019

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Shelley wanted the audience in this scene to feel greater sympathy for the monster as he is turned away yet again by mankind because he is simply judged too quickly because of his appearance. Branagh remains true to Shelleys intentions in this scene by making the monster appear heartbroken. Cries echo through the forest, he runs with a limp through the forest away from the house and collapses on the ground as soon as he thinks he is out of sight from the family. These things were very good for building up sympathy for the monster. This scene is also where we see the monster beginning to change. He goes back to the house and sees that the family have fled their home, this makes the monster so angry and upset that he sets fire to the cottage and swears that he will have revenge on the man who made him, so he reads the journal left in his jacket and goes to Geneva to get his revenge on Frankenstein. Branagh made this part of his film very dramatic by using very fast powerful music against the roaring of flames and black smoke that engulfed the cottage and the monster stood in front of the cottage looking fiercely at the flames with a look of anger in his eyes. This is good because it shows that the emotions and feelings which the monster has been hiding are all being forced out of him because he is determined to find answers to all the questions he has about his life and this is exactly how Shelley intended this scene to look as the monster suddenly realises his purpose of life is an experiment. When the monster kills William and sets up Justine Branagh managed to plan this very well because Shelley wanted the monster to kill the little brother and also be able to plant it on Justine without losing sympathy from the audience for the monster and Branagh is able to do this by not actually showing the monster killing William. In the next scene the monster and Frankenstein meet in the mountains, the monster has his chance to get his answers from the man who made him. The monster comes across as being very certain of his knowledge and his feelings. This appears to scare Frankenstein because he doesnt actually know why he did something so evil and didnt realise the greatness of the pain he had caused. Shelley wanted this conversation between the monster and Frankenstein to make the audience judge the monster as the good guy and Frankenstein as the bad guy. Branagh does this by making the monster talk and ask a lot more questions than Frankenstein. Frankenstein has a look of shock on his face throughout the conversation but the monster looks very certain and meaningful of everything he says to Victor, again making the monster seem superior to Frankenstein. Shelley wanted the audience to feel that the monster only did certain evil things because he was given emotions and senses but not shown how to use them and Branagh fits that into the film by the monster asking Victor Why he made him and brought him into the world to live and so very quickly and then left him to die. Shelley believed that no child should be bought into the world without being loved by parents; Branagh shows this belief of Shelleys by building up a father and son relationship and shows the father-like character abandoning an innocent child-like character. The monster asks one thing of Frankenstein and that is to have a bride that will look as ugly as him so that she would accept him for whom he is and vows that they will never be seen again. This again shows the maturity and sense of the monster. Frankenstein grants him this and promises he will have his bride. Frankenstein doesnt keep his promise and returns home to marry his bride and travel away with armed men on their wedding night so they will have protection if the monster does come to kill them which he promised he would if he did not get his bride. It is a dark and stormy night and raining very heavily which makes it very hard to see through the dark night, Frankenstein goes outside because he thinks he hears the monsters pipe playing and leaves Elizabeth on her own, quiet slow music start to play but it starts to get faster and louder which says to the viewer that the monster is close by, which he is because he climbs through the window and punches Elizabeth in the chest and pulls her heart out, spraying blood everywhere making a very gruesome sound and very nasty to look at. Frankenstein refuses to accept the death of his new bride so he takes her back to his laboratory and starts cutting up Justines body and stitching parts of her and Elizabeth together and revives her so once again we see all the gory bits of limbs being cut up and sewn together, as Elizabeth awakens she realises what Victor has done to her as the monster comes into the laboratory and mistakes her for his bride which victor had promised her, she becomes so angry and upset with the fact that she has been part of Victor playing God she sets herself on fire and runs through the house alighting everything. This scene is again highly over exaggerated, as it is very gory and horrifically unnecessary to the viewer. As Walton and his crew come to burn Frankensteins body the monster emerges from the distance and is offered by Walton to come with them, this being his first offering of acceptance to mankind, the monster says he was my father and decides to set himself alight upon Frankensteins body so that they burnt together. I think Branagh managed to remain true to most of Shelleys intentions of Frankenstein by portraying the monsters character as a very innocent, childlike character linking it all in very well with Shelleys beliefs she had before and whilst writing Frankenstein. Branagh definitely pandered to the accepted stereotype of the horror genre by showing a lot of close-ups of quite disturbing images and very horrific noises that went with the images that a book cant do. Branagh also used a very wide range of music that managed to fit into all the horrific parts of his film very well. Charlotte Tufnell 10M Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Geography of Belize :: Essays Papers

Geography of Belize Belize which was formerly known as British Honduras until 1981 is an 8,867 acre plot of land located in Central America. The territory covered by Belize is slightly smaller than the state of Massachusetts (Gall 45). Mexico surrounds Belize to the north, Guatemala to the southwest and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The population of Belize conists of approximately 256,000 people. Rougly seventy-one percent of Belize's population resides in cities such as Belize City, San Ignacio, and Punta Gorda. The remaining population lives in rural areas (Krutzinna 66-67). Belize's climate is tropical and humid throughout most of the year. The rainy season falls between the months of May and October. THe average temperature along the Belizean coast is 78.8Â °, while temperatures rise inland. The hurricane season is the most influential climatic element to Belize's environment and well being, which lasts from July to October. For example, the capital city of Belize was moved from coastal Belize City to Belmopan central Belize in 1971 because of the extensive damage caused by Hurricane Hattie in 1961 (Krutzinna 105). Belmopan has been Belize's captial since 1971. It is seated in the center of Belize on the Belize River, half way between the coastal Belize City and the Belize- Guatemalan border town of San Ignacio. The capital has not become the bustling metropolis that Belize City continues to be, but it does provide a train station for travelers as well as cultural buildings for some light sight-seeing. Belmopan, Belize is geographically and politically important to Belize, however, it is still not the center of Belizean culture and economy (Krutzinna 105-106). Forests and woodlands cover about ninety-two percent of Belize's terrain (Marshall 447). These forests and woodlands are home to seven hundered species of trees and approximately four thousand species of flowering plants. Among the seven hundred species of trees living in the forests and woodlands are mahogany, pine, cedar and rosewood. Belize exports much of its mahogany, pine and cedar woods, which directly affects the issue of deforestation it is currently facing from the abundance of trees that have been cut down in the past (Gall 49). Deforestation has become an important topic in Belize since many of its trees have been cut down for sale on the international market.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Spinozas Philosophical Psychotherapy :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Spinoza's Philosophical Psychotherapy missing works cited ABSTRACT: Spinoza's philosophy has a practical aim. The Ethics can be interpreted as a guide to a happy, intellectually flourishing life. Spinoza gives us principles about how to guard against the power of passions which prevent the mind from attaining understanding. In what follows, I consider Spinoza's techniques for guarding against the passions by turning to Jonathan Bennett's criticisms of Spinozistic psychotherapy. Bennett finds three central techniques for freeing oneself from the passions: (i) reflecting on determinism; (ii) separating and joining; and (iii) turning passions into actions. Bennett believes that all of these techniques are in some sense flawed. I contend that Bennett offers good criticism against technique (i), but his criticisms against (ii) and (iii) are unfounded. I. Introduction Spinoza's philosophy had a practical aim. What he wanted to do was to show the way to perfect peace of mind and joy offered by the life of reason. The Ethics is written as a guidebook to a happy, intellectually flourishing life. Basic in Spinoza's thought is the simple observation that we all want to live well but do not know the way to a happy life. He wanted to give us the instructions which include principles about how to guard us from the power of passions which prevent the mind from understanding. In this paper my aim is to consider how well founded Spinoza's techniques against the passions are. I will do this by concentrating on Jonathan Bennett's criticism of Spinozistic psychotherapy. Bennett finds from the Ethics three central techniques of freeing oneself from passions: (i) reflecting on determinism; (ii) separating and joining; and (iii) turning passions into actions. Bennett believes that all these techniques are in some sense flawed. My contention is that Bennett offers good criticism against 'reflecting on determinism'-technique but that his criticism against 'separating and joining'-technique as well as against 'turning passions into actions'-technique is not well-founded. The paper devotes most space to the 'turning passions into actions'-technique. However, before considering Bennett's view of Spinoza's psychotherapy, I will give an overview of Spinoza's theory of activity and passivity. II. Passivity and Activity According to Spinoza "we act, when something happens, in us or outside us, of which we are the adequate cause. . . . we are acted on when something happens in us, or something follows from our nature, of which we are only a partial cause. (IIID2)." The notion of adequate cause that occurs in the definition above is defined as follows:

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Is Compulsory Military Training Necessary

Wars are peaceful than marriages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ but†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ let him who wants peace never prepare for a war†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I agree with the second part†¦.. * Military training is schooling of body and spirit in the art of killing. Military training is education for war. It is the perpetuation of war spirit. It hinders the development of the desire for peace. * Conscription involves the degradation of human personality, and the destruction of liberty. Barrack life, military drill, blind obedience to commands, however unjust and foolish they may be, and deliberate training for slaughter undermine respect for the individual, for democracy and human life. ————————————————- It is debasing human dignity to force men to give up their life, or to inflict death against their will.The country which thinks its entitled to force its citizens to go to war will never pay p roper regard to the value and happiness of their lives in peace. Moreover, by conscription the militarist spirit of aggressiveness is implanted in the whole male population at the most impressionable age. By training for war men come to consider war as unavoidable and even desirable. 1. Military training – is for people who fight external aggression through the army, navy & air force. The threat perceptions that India faces could arise from – Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Burma. However the Indian army has deployed more forces in fighting insurgency within India than in fighting wars. More army personnel have died in internal operations than in all the wars we've fought. This is demoralizing for an army who has to fight ;amp; kill it's own citizens.What is required is training for better policing and better policies to avoid internal uprisings – fire prevention rather than fire fighting. 2. Compulsory – The Indian armed forces are a v olunteer force. They face a shortage of officers, not soldiers. This shortage is in thousands whereas 20 million youth join the work force each year. Even our soldiers number around 1 million. So what would you do with the 19 million extra trained people? 3. Youth of India – our literacy rate is around 50-60%.Over 100 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are not in school. It's not that youth don't need training – they do. And some of the qualities that military training gives – discipline, working for and in a group, fitness, energy are all useful to make them more capable so they can lead more meaningful & productive lives and contribute to the overall success & productivity of their families & land. We need more trained teachers, doctors, social activists, engineers, entrepreneurs†¦ the list is endless.We need more roads, more schools, more food, more electricity, more water, more houses†¦ this list is endless too. Trained & educated youth would contribute to the removal of poverty and distress – first for them selves – and then for their society. When unattended these cause violent uprisings which are then suppressed by the military. * They talk about conscription as a democratic institution. Yes; so is a cemetary. ————————————————- 4. Like Singapore – The answer to this part of your question lies not in geography but in economics.While Singapore is about the size of Bombay, it's recourse to compulsory military training is not because of it's small size but because its economic development is far ahead of India's. The variety of fulfilling opportunities that exist for young people in Singapore makes the military an unattractive career. O the other hand, for India's enormous pool of unemployed & maybe unemployable youth, the military is good career opportunity. So the re is currently no shortage of soldiers.But for the better educated youth, with excellent career opportunities, joining the officer corps of the armed forces is not so attractive a choice, and hence the shortfall of officers. Perhaps a day will come when all our youth are educated and can choose good careers in industry, commerce or other civilian pursuits and then we may need to resort to some type of compulsion. Or India may be a participant in a large & long duration war, with many soldiers killed and not enough wanting to die for their country, and then some type of compulsion may be necessary. As far as physical improvement is concerned, it is agreed that a year of military service might be helpful to many men. It is also true that the problem of physical condition is one of major proportions.About half the men examined by the Army and Navy during the present war have been rejected for military service, chiefly on account of mental or physical deficiencies. * Economics: It can be argued that in a cost-to-benefit ratio, conscription during peace time is not worthwhile. 77] Months or years of service amongst the most fit and capable subtracts from the productivity of the economy; add to this the cost of training them, and in some countries paying them. * â€Å"I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent. † * In peace sons bury fathers, but war violates the order of nature, and fathers bury sons. * ————————————————- â€Å"How come the dove gets to be the peace symbol? How about the pillow? It has more feathers than the dove, and it doesn't have that dangerous beak. â€Å"

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Psychology In Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films

Psychology In Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films Psychology in Lord of the Flies In Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, a group of schoolboys become stranded on an island. The novel describes how most of the boys change from civilized to immoral behavior. There are no adults on this island to enforce rules and laws. As the boys loose touch with the standards of old they start to enjoy the island more and more. Eventually they are completely free of the civilized ways they were taught. When Simon came with news about the beast the others were dancing around a fire chanting, "Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!" They turned on him, beating him to death. They had, in fact, become the beast themselves. Like animals they had lost the feelings of compassion and remorse. The book is a psychological study of the influence of the group on the behavior of individuals. Upon arriving on the island the boys search for the necessities to stay alive. As in the psychologist Abraham Maslow's theory of human needs each step must be satisfied before you go to the next stage. The island provided plenty of food and water, satisfying their basic needs of stage one. The stranded schoolboys tried to find security by finding a way to make fire. Gradually they began to develop some rules and leaders. At an assembly only the person holding the conch could speak. As their physical needs had been fulfilled they began to form groups. According to the theory this is stage three when people want to be a part of a group and to be loved. At that point they chose to be a part of Jack's hunters or Ralph's boys. In the final stage a person learns to undertand himself and respect the rights of others. Jack was the leader of the choir and kept them obedient to his command. In Carl Jung's theories Jack is in touch with his shadow, which are the animal instincts of man. Jack put the boys in touch with their evil side. He manipulated the boys of his group with fear of the beast so that he could gain power. He convinced them that he was the one that could protect them from the beast. Jack was even willing to kill to keep his power. Piggy was the scapegoat on the island. At most times he was excluded by most of the boys. He seemed like the odd man out who wanted order and rules on the island. Piggy was an important figure because of his glasses. His glasses were needed to make fire. Fire was very useful on the island. Although important he was put down by the boys because he didn't fit in. The boys were rebellious to him because he acted like a parent. He told them what they should do but didn't have the authority to make them follow through on their jobs. Ralph was the responsible leader. He wanted to bring rules and order to the island. He lived by self respect and the respect for others; stage four of Maslow's theory. Ralph was logical in his decision making but the boys rebelled against him because of his orderly job related ideas on running the island. He wanted to keep the fire going and stay concerned about getting rescued. He set up systems for the work that needed to be done. By the end the boys had become war-like beasts trying to hunt down Ralph. Their society was in a state of war. They followed Jack's orders without any question. Is it possible that William Golding used this story to explain the psychology of what happened in Nazi Germany? The author was an officer in the Royal Navy in World War II. What happens on the island is similar to what happened in Nazi Germany. One person develops a dictatorship and exercises unlimited power. Ordinary people in Germany followed Hitler and lost their willingness to act responsibly as individuals. They were manipulated by fear and symbols just as Jack used the pig's head as his symbol. In this way the moral code of a whole society broke down. It shows that there is little separation between man and beast.