Underezding Abusive Parents Essays - Parenting, Childhood, Family

Underezding Abusive Parents Essays - Parenting, Childhood, Family Underezding Abusive Parents Investigation OF FAMILY INTERACTION LEAD TO NEW UNDERSTANDING OF ABUSIVE Guardians Scientists at the University of Toronto have taken significant strides toward delivering a profile of an oppressive parent. Prof. Gary Walters and doctoral understudy Lynn Oldershaw of the Division of Psychology have built up a framework to describe guardians who genuinely misuse their youngsters. This could at last permit social assistance experts to distinguish guardians in kid misuse. In the course of the most recent five years, Walters and Oldershaw, in cooperation with Darlene Hall of the West End Creche, have inspected more than 100 moms and their three to six-year-old kids who have been genuinely mishandled. In the research facility, the mother and kid go through 30 minutes in organized exercises such as playing, gobbling and tidying up. The family collaboration is video-taped and later broke down. The scientists have built up a framework which permits them to record the adequacy of child rearing aptitudes. They are especially intrigued by disciplinary methodologies since misuse most regularly happens when the parent needs the youngster to go along. It's an issue of attempting to figure out which sort of parent produces which kind of youngster or which sort of kid evokes which kind of parental conduct, clarifies Oldershaw. Because of their work, Walters and Oldershaw have distinguished unmistakable classifications of oppressive guardians and their youngsters. 'Unforgiving/meddlesome' moms are unreasonably cruel and coneztly badger their youngster to carry on. Regardless of the way that these moms embarrass and dislike their youngster, there are times when they embrace, kiss or address them heartily. This kind of mothering produces a forceful, insubordinate youngster. An 'incognito/unfriendly' mother shows no positive emotions towards her youngster. She makes glaring assaults on the youngster's self-esteem and denies him friendship or consideration. As far as concerns him, the kid attempts to draw in his mom's consideration and win her endorsement. A 'sincerely disengaged' mother has practically nothing inclusion with her kid. She seems discouraged and uninterested in the kid's exercises. The offspring of this sort of mother shows no attributes which set him apart from other kids. So as to assemble a child rearing profile, the two scientists inspect the mother/youngster association and their recognition and sentiments. For inezce, Walters and Oldershaw consider the mother's feeling of herself as a parent and her impression of her kid. The analysts likewise attempt to decide the kid's view of oneself and of the parent. Injurious guardians are regularly accepted to have lacking child rearing aptitudes and are alluded to projects to improve these abilities. These projects are especially proper for guardians what themselves' identity was, raised by damaging guardians and accordingly are uninformed of some other conduct toward her youngster. One of the objectives of the therapists is to give data to advisors which will help tailor treatment to the singular needs of the oppressive guardians. Recidivism rates for injurious parental figures are high, says Walters. To a huge degree, injurious guardians which require an assortment of treatment. Their research is subsidized by the Social Sciences and Humanities Examination Council.

Corrosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Coating

Erosion Resistance of Electrodeposited Coating Qiongyu Zhoua,b, Yadong Zhanga, Xiaofen Wanga, Hebing Wanga, Ping Oua* aSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, PR China bInstitute of Applied Physics, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Shangfang Road 108, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330029, PR China Catchphrases: Ni-W compound; Composite covering; Cr2O3nano-particles; Microhardness; Corrosion obstruction 1. Presentation Gentle steel is a most broadly utilized metal materials in designing and mechanical applications because of its low cost and worthy properties [1]. In any case, mellow steel couldn't be appropriate served in the cruel condition due to its exceptionally vulnerable to erosion and unremarkable mechanical qualities [2]. Disappointments, (for example, erosion or wear) frequently happen on the surfaces of mellow steel gadgets [3]. In this manner, readiness of a defensive covering is a standout amongst other known strategies for widening the application fields of gentle steel [4, 5]. As of late, electrodeposition innovation has been generally utilized in light of the fact that it is actually a helpful, pragmatic and reasonable strategy for designing application [6]. Quantities of metal or compound, (for example, Ni [7], Zn [8], Cr [9], Ni-W [10, 11], Ni-Co [12], Zn-Ni [13] et al.) have beenâ electrodeposited as the defensive covering on the outside of gentle steel. Among these coatings, Ni -W combination covering has drawn heaps of interests as a contender to supplant hard chromium, in view of its low harmfulness for oceanic species [10]. By and large, the reason for examines on electroplated Ni-W amalgam covering is the manner by which to improve their hardness and consumption obstruction. Especially, consolidation a second artistic particles into the developing metal or amalgam lattice during the electroplating procedure is a compelling technique. The composite coatings consistently showed improved mechanical and erosion properties [14-17]. Hence, a lot of looks into have been drawn on Ni-W nanocomposite coatings (Ni-W-Al2O3[18], Ni-W-SiO2 [19],Ni-W-TiO2[20], Ni-W-jewel [21] and Ni-W-SiC[22], et. al). The earthenware particles utilized as the second-stage in the composite coatings, pretty much, would advance the erosion opposition, hardness or wear-obstruction [23-25]. In spite of the fact that nano-Cr2O3 particlesâ have been confirmed as a good and impressive consolidated artistic particles in Ni or Co covering [26, 27], there is no report about nano Cr2O3 particles utilized in electrodeposition of Ni-W nanocompos ite coatings up until this point. In this paper, so as to improve the exhibition of Ni-W combination covering which is know as a domain well disposed defensive covering with brilliant for gentle steel, Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite covering was electrodepositied in the sulfate-citrus shower containing different of Cr2O3 nanoparticles for improving the two its hardness and consumption opposition. Gentle steel (1-1 cm2, Q235, Baosteel Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, China) was utilized as cathode and a platinum plate (1-1 cm2, Xianren instrument Co., Ltd. in Shanghai, China) was utilized as the anode. The mellow steel was precisely cleaned by 800, 1200 and 2000 coarseness emery-paper and afterward ultrasonically cleaned in CH3)2CO for 600 s. The cleaned gentle steel was actuated in 10% (w/v) HCl answer for 30 s and afterward washed with refined water. The base comprise of electrolyte arrangement is as per the following: 26.3 g/L NiSO4 ·6H2O, 98.95 g/L Na2WO4 ·2H2O, 147.05 g/L Na3C6H5O7 ·2H2O, 26.75 g/L NH4Cl, 0.3 g/L NaBr. Prior to electrodeposition, nano-Cr2O3 particles was included into the electrodeposition shower and afterward scattered by ultrasonic blackout (3600 s) to separate agglomerates. The electroplating current thickness and time were 4 A/dm2 and 1800 s. 2.2. Coatings portrayal The surface morphology was contemplated utilizing a filtering electron magnifying lens (SEM, JEOL JSM-6700F), provided with an EDS spectrometer (Oxford Instruments, UK) for deciding the synthetic sytheses of the coatings. The stage pieces of electrodeposited coatings were described by X-beam diffraction (XRD, D/max-2200) with Cu Kî ± radiation, working at 40 kV and 40 mA, examining from 20â ° to 100â ° with the progression of 0.02â °. The surface microhardness ofNi-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings were estimated utilizing a microhardness analyzer (VH-3) at an applied heap of 9.8 N for 15 s, each example was tesetd multiple times for averaging. The erosion conduct of the got covering was assessed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl arrangement by utilizing an electrochemical workstation (CHI660E). All tests were directed in an ordinary three-anode cell (comprising of the electro-deposied covering as a working cathode, Pt sheet as a counter terminal and SCE as a source of perspective anode). The potentiodynamic polarization test (Tafel) of electro-deposied covering was tried from - 800 mV to - 400 mV with an output pace of 1 mV, while mellow steel was tried from - 900 mV to - 600 mV. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was directed at Ecorr, with voltage irritation sufficiency of 10 mV in the recurrence go from 105 Hz to 10-2Hz. Every single electrochemical test are done at room temperature (25 oC). 3.1 Characterization of nano-Cr2O3particles The portrayal of nano-Cr2O3particles was completed by utilizing TEM and XRD investigation, the outcomes are shown in Fig. 1. It is indicated that the particles are liberated from auxiliary stages aside from Cr2O3, which is comprises of polyhedral structure with the mean distance across of around 40 nm. Unavoidably, there areâ some level of agglomeration between the nano-particles. The organization of electroplated W composite coatings can be broke down by EDS as the past investigations [28]. The W substance and Cr2O3 in the electroplated coatings as a component of Cr2O3 expansion in the electroplating shower are shown in Fig. 2. The Cr2O3 content is comparing to identified Cr component proportion in Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings. As appeared in Fig. 2, with the expansion of Cr2O3 focus in electroplating shower, the Cr2O3 particles fused in the covering increment quickly when the Cr2O3 fixation is low (≠¤5 g/L). While it increments bit by bit when the Cr2O3 focus is in scope of 10-20 g/L. A deviation from the Langmuir adsorption conduct in the high Cr2O3 fixation arrangement is watched, which is brought about by certain particles would sedimentate by gravity in hydrodynamic states of without unsettled. Also, the outcomes uncover that W content relating diminishes with the expansion of Cr2O3 expansion in electroplating shower. This is on the grounds tha t that the adequately high overpotentials is agreeable to testimony of W atom[29]. When the Cr2O3 nano-particles adsorbed on cathode surface, it could frame as nucleation destinations and in like manner decrease the overpotentials. Thus, the statement of W molecule is restrained, while Ni itself can likewise be stored from its complex with citrate[30]. Fig. 3 shows the XRD examples of the coatings electrodeposited in the shower with and without Cr2O3 nano-particles. In the shower without Cr2O3 nano-particles (appeared in Fig.3a), the example of got covering comprises of an expansive top from 41â ° to 47â °, demonstrating the shapeless idea of the Ni-W amalgam covering. The nebulous structure ought to be electrodeposited under the affectation of the testimony rate is high contrasted with the swapping scale, which suggests that every single metal particle are promptly released once they get to cathode surface. Therefore, high substance of W in the compound must be watched, which is affirmed by the EDS result (45.8 wt.%, appeared in Fig 2). What more, the indistinct trademark likewise can be shown by the SEM micrograph of Ni-W compound covering (Fig.4a). As the outcomes revealed in the written works by O. Younes [30] and T. Yamasaki [31], the electrodeposited Ni-W amalgam coatings introduced as a nebulous state when tungsten piece w ent from 20 to 40 at.%. While the structure of stored would change once the Cr2O3 nano-particles existed in the shower, Ni-W-Cr2O3 nanocomposite coatings display crystalline fcc structure of Ni-W compound and Cr2O3 stages. The explanation behind this wonder is that the diminished overpotentials brought about by the adsorbed Cr2O3 nano-particles on cathode surface would prompt statement of crystalline stage, which is thermodynamically more steady than the formless stage [30]. All the while, a unidentified top at 2î ¸Ã¢â€°Ë†41.4 is introduced in the examples of the Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coatings. Comparable pinnacle have been seen by I. Mizushima et. al [32] and R. JuÃ¥ ¡k-nas et. al [33]. The previous suggested that it is the codeposition of nanocrystalline Ni(- W) and Ni-W-C stages [32]. While R. JuÃ¥ ¡k-nas et. al asserted this pinnacle related to NiWO4[33]. Be that as it may, so far this atypical pinnacle stays unidentified. As the expanding of Cr2O3 nano-particles expansion in ar rangement, the force for diffraction pinnacle of Ni-W (111) increments and unidentified line profile diminishes, showing that grain sizes of the Ni-W crystallites increment and the unidentified stage in the composite coatings steady lessen. Fig. 4 shows the surface morphology of the coatings electrodeposited in showers containing distinctive measure of Cr2O3 nano-particles. In all cases, the coatings are minimal, uniform and split free, which can give a boundary to ensure substrate material. In examination of Ni-W covering which shows a run of the mill nebulous trademark which is nonappearance of grain limits, Ni-W-Cr2O3 composite coatings is comprised of unpredictable precious stone structures, uniform conveyed ultrafine Cr2O3 particles and some capturing huge knobs, which is brought about by Cr2O3 agglomerates codeposited with Ni-W as metal electrocrystallized. With the expansion of Cr2O3addition in the arrangement, the Cr2O3 particles relating increment and the knobs pattern to be unobvious. The explanation might be that Cr2O3agglomerates become considerably more genuine in the high fixation arrangement and afterward encourage by settlement. Along these lines, the opportunities for agglomerate

Of the inspector create dramatic Essay Example For Students

Of the monitor make emotional Essay In act 1 of a monitor considers Priestly uses the examiner as a sensational gadget to impact the degrees of pressure in front of an audience. This is accomplished through his appearance, technique for addressing and the responses he incites in different characters. The play opens in a positive, family get-together climate, yet we sense dubious strains between Sheila Birling and her fianc. Sheila-aside from all the previous summer when you never drew close to me and I thought about what had befallen you. This infers Sheila doesn't totally trust Gerald, which expands the pressure in front of an audience as this remark in an evening gathering would cause individuals to feel unbalanced and uncomfortable. Holy Reveals strain inside the Birling family before the assessors appearance with the utilization of sensational incongruity; Birling-the Titanic she cruises one week from now forty 6,000 800 tons New York in five days-and each extravagance and resilient. We will compose a custom article on Of the controller make emotional explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The way Birling carries on as though he knows it all yet as this play is set in 1912 yet delivered in 1945, the crowd watching it now has a bit of leeway as they are in front of the occasions so to talk and they realize that the Titanic would sink. The reviewers appearance expands strain with a visual effect utilizing lighting impacts. At the point when the monitor enters the lighting changes making a dim secretive climate subsequently expanding the strain. Mr. Birlings beginning response additionally makes strain as well; Birling (after a delay with a dash of fretfulness) well, what is it at that point? I think it goes over that Mr. Birling was the large resilient man of the family unit and what he says goes however now this strong investigator shows up and stands to compromise him, which features a strained weakness in Birlings character. The manner by which the Inspector addresses different characters additionally makes strain. Absolutely on the grounds that the reviewer is exceptionally strange and carries a shocking environment to the phase in the accompanying manners; (he talks cautiously, weightily, and has an unsettling propensity for taking a gander at the individual he addresses before really) He additionally meets the characters independently managing each line of enquiry in turn, which makes it progressively proficient as though they were being met at the station notwithstanding it being a home visit. The monitor additionally questions the characters all together with the chain of occasions. It likewise makes the crowd dubious why he converses with each individual in turn. In Birlings cross examination he assists with unwinding the plot. He distinguishes his association in the chain of occasions however rejects obligation to Eva Smiths genuine passing. At the point when he is addressed while Eric and Gerald are available, the weight on Mr. Birling appears to mount up as he is attempting to tranquilly show that he is blameless. He unexpectedly can't bear it any longer and has an upheaval of eagerness; look-theres nothing baffling or shocking about this business in any event not to the extent Im concerned. Its a superbly straight forward case.. Nothing whatever to do with the pitiful young ladies self destruction This discourse demonstrated that hes not short of attempting to move the fault on another person e. g. not to the extent Im concerned. Additionally under cross examination Birling shows his real nature; well reviewer, I dont see that its any worry of yours how I decide to maintain my business. Is it now? By scrutinizing the overseer in this discourteous tone we see that Mr Birling is narrow minded and pompous and can't stand the way that the reviewer is correct. It is now we have a conflict of characters. .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 , .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 .postImageUrl , .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 , .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3:hover , .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3:visited , .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3:active { border:0!important; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3:active , .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u34 ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u34ef5fcbfe06a79e039628cac64661a3:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: An Exploration of Humor in Twelfth Night EssayThe examiner endeavors to cause him to acknowledge the duty of his activities while Mr Birling is doing the direct inverse by scrutinizing the overseer and attempting to accuse others. Birlings response makes strain since he is so restless and his entire disposition contrasts against that of the auditors. Sheilas reaction to Eva Smiths passing is one of only a handful not many urging things to come out of the play. She is truly disturbed when she knows about the self destruction and gains from her own conduct. Not at all like her dad she is extremely bothered by the young ladies self destruction; Sheila gracious how shocking! Though Birling interferes with the controller; Birling (rather fretfully) indeed, yes. Loathsome business however I dont comprehend why you should come here. When Sheila uncovers her association with the chain of occasions she promptly concurs that she carried on severely and demands that she never implied the young lady any mischief. This complexities to her dads words and features the distinction in demeanor between the two ages. Sheila likewise seems quick to change her conduct later on, Ill never, never do it again while her dad doesn't show any lament or regret. Before the overseer questions Gerald, he has a private visit with Sheila; Gerald-so-for divine beings purpose dont express anything to the controller. From this the crowd discovers that Gerald is subtle and devious. This guileful remark makes the crowd question that maybe Gerald infact has a huge influence in the self destruction of Eva smith/daisy Renton. He realizes that the monitor has figured out how to get everybody to admit their association while he is attempting to avoid everything, keep his hands clean as it were. Be that as it may, he can't go unnoticed as the demonstration closes with a fascinating inquiry to Gerald from the investigator well? this increases the pressure as Gerald knows now there will never be a way out, he will need to admit. All through the play holy utilizes the examiner to control the pressure levels in front of an audience. He effectively controls the characters and the crowd so as to cause us to think about society, our own activities and our duty towards each other inside our locale.

Women Rights in Pakistan Essay - 1925 Words

Women Rights in Pakistan (Essay Sample) Content: Women Rights in PakistanNameProfessorCourseInstitutionDateThesis statementThe rights of Muslim women also constitute women rights. There has been growing concerns about what constitute women rights and who defines them. There has been also a lot of pressure on governments to come up with women rights which are acceptable within the context of Muslim religious believe. Pakistan is one of the countries grappling with roles and responsibilities which make up women rights and how they are affecting the governing of a nation both legally and socially. This is after the country ratified all forms of gender based discrimination through the UN Convention on Elimination of all types of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). This paper therefore looks at where Pakistan has come from, what is happening currently and what the future holds when it comes to discrimination against women. It looks at the gains made and the challenges that the country is bound to face now and in future in its attempt to successfully implement the women rights in Pakistan.IntroductionPakistan has undergone decades of social and political turmoil since the war on Afghanistan began. This was after the September 11 attack on the United States. Most of the social conflicts in Pakistan centre on women rights even after the government sighed an MOU with UN on United Nations Convection on Elimination of Discrimination against women (CEDAW) (Weiss 199, 2003). There were clashing conflicts about the rights and privileges given to women but the conflict escalated with the coming of power of an Islamist Muttahidi Majilis e-Amal (MMA) in 2002. Pakistan is one of modern economies which are battling with questions of modernity and globalization. One of the most grappling social concerns is that of women rights. Prior to Pakistan becoming a signatory to CEDAW, it had sighed earlier a number of ratifications concerning women rights. One of them was the Convention on Political Rights of Wome n in 1953. It is also a signatory to UN convention on rights of children which recognizes women rights as human rights In 1989. Other gender based conventions which the country is a signatory to include; The Cairo Population and Development conference Program of 1994 and the UN International Conference on Population and Development. Before 1977, there was no much debate on the position of women in the society. The government just paid lip service but nothing much was happening though there was discrimination against women, it was not so pronounced. Women would participate in both social and public places though they operated mainly at homes.The gender ideology was that women mainly belonged to cooking and taking care of homes while men controlled everything. Women mainly choose to undertake segregated work so that they could not mingle with men for the fear of harassment and discrimination. In some social settings, women were associated were said to be incompatible with the public. This ended up secluding them from the public life. Women were however, until 1977, used strategically to achieve certain results by those in power. After independence, women were given posts in teaching, banking while others occupied posts as doctors. This helped improve the economy and Pakistan was appealing to the international community. Women had helped the country in both pre and post independence times and they slowly became active in women struggles.Zaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ruleIt was General Zia ul-Haq rule which brought most detrimental laws against women when he came into power in 1979. He began to convert most of the legal system in Pakistan to Islamic law. This saw the enforcement of most detrimental laws against women rights which have had an impact even after he left power. The statue which provide for most of the laws criminalized all forms of adultery and fornication thus affecting the penal code. These laws were against women rights and many protested against their executi on. This is what led to the amendment by the National Assembly. Due to the laws introduced, acts such as consumption of alcohol, extra-marital sex, rape and adultery were all governed by the Islamic law. He led the nation to the belief that all the western countries that are against Islam are enemies of state and the country should not give time to activists who were out to "derail" the country. This led to a country with political and social strife as discrimination against women took centre stage. Zai led the country to the enforcement of very detrimental laws which were against women empowerment turning the country into an Islamic nation.The rule by General Zia ul-Haq that is after he became the leader of Pakistan has seen the height of violence being met to the women. For example, the women lack of fair application of the laws governing the Pakistan society. This is illustrated in the manner in which women had no right to justify their raping misfortunes rather punished for reve aling that they had a sexual intercourse without their consent. Unfair application of the law comes in the fact the men or the male gender was not punished and remained superior to their wrong doings met on their female counterparts. In some incidences the women because of the Islamic laws the Zina offences supported by the government of Zia gave men an opportunity to punish the women and girls and the females had to submit because of the fear inculcated to them by the judicial systems.Denial of justice to the women is another characteristic of the Zia rule whereby after the women were accused of having committed crimes such as adultery they were denied a chance to secure bail. Once the women were found guilty the appeal process had been made difficult for them such that they spent many years under incarceration. This is deny of justice to the female gender because these laws had made it easier for the men to get bails while awaiting case hearing but for the woman it was the contra ry.The women during the Zia rule had no freedom of expression as other females around the world or even closer home in Pakistan compared to the males. This is similar to the book Shame by Salma Rushdie that is used to illustrate the theme of shame in connection that shame results into concealing of the truth among the characters. (Jafar, 2005) The shame is in the character of the males who had not appreciated that they were the offenders to the female beings. Therefore in pursuit of hiding this shame the truth was hidden in denying the women the right to freedom of expression. For instance a woman was convicted or regarded as having committed adultery if account of only four men was presented as evidence to the judicial hearing. This is an example of the way the women had no right to give an account of the raping for instance even in cases where the women were the victims of rape.Women were discriminated upon in the employment opportunities during the reign of Zia. This was mostly e vident within the public sector where the women had infiltrated and actively participated during President Bhutto reign. According to Zia who considered himself as the man to bring back sanity to the Islamic laws and society publicly condemned women participation outside the homesteads. This meaning that the public employment opportunities had only been segregate for the superior men. Once again this can be understood on the grounds that the men felt ashamed of accepting the fact that the Pakistan woman had become actively involved in the society during the pre-colonial and post colonial era. Forming the reason that the ideals and principles of Zia were supported by many men once he had declared on setting Pakistan on pure Islamic practice going back to the same segregation that both genders had fought during the colonial times.During the reign of Zia saw physical violence being met on women on basis of their clothing. The Islamic laws stipulated that women had to completely cover their body including the head. Any violation of this custom the men were given responsibility of disciplining the women on account of indecent dress code. For example a man would slap a lady is she came into a public place without covering her head without a veil.After the reign of ZiaAfter the reign of Zia the woman rights became more visible and were on contrary to the rule of Zia. To start with women had equal political and assembly fr...

Kepler s Laws Of Planetary Motion - 1017 Words

Kepler’s Laws Johannes Kepler formulated the Three Laws of Planetary Motion. The first is the Law of Orbits, stating that all planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. The second law is the Law of Areas. This is the idea that a line that connects the planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in the plane of the planet’s orbit in equal time intervals. Last is the Law of Periods which states that the square of the period of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semi major axis of its orbit. It is simple to just accept the laws and memorize them, but take it a step further. What are the explanations to these laws and how did Kepler come to those conclusions? The results that Kepler published actually began with Tycho Brahe. Brahe was interested in reforming astronomy, and wanted to prove his idea that planets circle the sun which then move around the stationary earth. He made several observations with advanced instruments that still to thi s day have been proven by calculations done with modern computers to be quite accurate. All of Brahe’s observations were very useful and interesting to Kepler who became Brahe’s assistant in 1600. Some propose that Brahe only continued making observations because he was unsure of what to do with them or how to apply them, so it was left up to assistants such as Johannes Kepler to put the information to use (J.V. Field). Kepler had been engaging in finding an orbit of Mars, and Brahe’s observationsShow MoreRelatedKepler s Laws Of Planetary Motion2539 Words   |  11 PagesKepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician and astronomer. Best known for his laws of planetary motion, Kepler was a key figure in the scientific revolution in the 17th century. His laws illustrate the fundamental properties of the orbits of the planets and were also a precursor to the formulation of Newton’s law of gravitation. Biography: Kepler was introduced to astronomy in his early years and developed a passion for it, which would span his entire life. AtRead MoreThe Genius Of Sir Isaac Newton1687 Words   |  7 Pagesthe universe in the 1600’s because of his law of universal gravitation, his laws of motion, and other discoveries and inventions. Isaac Newton s law of universal gravitation and planetary motion shed light on the clockwork of the universe. Newton’s discoveries about gravity all began while he was sitting under an apple tree. one of the apples fell from the tree making him begin to think about what caused the change in acceleration and velocity in the apple. Newton’s law of universal gravitationRead More Keplers Laws and Planetary Movement Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesturn of the 1600s, the way in which the solar system and the universe as a whole was viewed began to change. With the controversial conclusions of Copernicus, scientists already began to adopt the idea of a heliocentric solar system. Further advancements in astronomy came about through the research of Tycho Brahe and his assistant Johannes Kepler. The three planetary laws developed by Kepler with the data gathered by Brahe shaped the way in which science viewed the structure and motion of the planetsRead MoreEssay on The Scientific Revolution1263 Words   |  6 Pagesunknown realm of science and experimentation. Four of the many brilliant founders of the Scientific Revolution; Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Brahe, used previous scientific principles and their own genius to make advances in science that are still being used today. Scientific pamphlets, the telescope, observations of the universe and the creation of laws for planetary motion are some of the major advances that came out of the revolution and that were found by the scientists of its time. Nicholas CoperincusRead MoreJohannes Kepler, The Father Of Modern Astronomy1575 Words   |  7 PagesJohannes Kepler, the â€Å"Father of Modern Astronomy†, had an enormous impact on different aspects of science and mathematics such as geometry, physics, optics, crystallography and philosophy, eventually paving the way for more like-minded thinkers. His mathematical proofs supporting the heliocentric model of the universe was essential to progressing the scientific revolution. He reflected the Renaissance ideals of education, secularism, and observation while bridging medieval astronomy with modern scienceRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution Was Not An Organized Effort1276 Words   |  6 PagesNicolaus Copernicus was an understudy of past onlookers and a theoretician. He contemplated the watched movements of grand bodies in connection to the acknowledged geocentric Aristotelian framework, which put the earth at the focal point of the nearby planetary group, with the sun and pl anets in circle. Copernicus perceptions drove him to infer that there was some kind of problem with the geocentric hypothesis. He tried the speculation that the earth was truth be told in circle around the sun againstRead MoreJohannes Kepler s A Perfect World985 Words   |  4 Pages Johannes Kepler was a modern individual and he believed that God would have created a perfect world and in that world everything was geometrically perfect. In Banville’s book about Kepler it says, â€Å"The search for knowledge everywhere encounters geometrical relations in nature, which God, in creating the world, laid out (Banville 1981, p.145).† As he pursued the answer to planetary motion, he assumed that the planets orbited the sun in a perfect circle. He tried to seek order in his chaotic lifeRead MoreThe Copernican Revolution and Its Importance According to Thomas S. Kuhn892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Copernican Revolution Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought b y Thomas S. Kuhn, is a book that illustrates the importance between man and the natural world from antiquity to the current date. Thomas Kuhn vividly shows us that the Copernican revolution was not only a revolution of scientific theory, but of religious, and conceptual thought as well. Kuhn states in the opening lines of his book that The Copernican Revolution was a revolution of ideas, a transformation in mansRead MorePreliminary Physics Assessment Task 1 Christos Toras â€Æ' MODELS OF THE UNIVERSE -1200 Words   |  5 PagesCopernicus, Tycho Brahe, Kepler, Galileo and Newton. Aristotle’s model of the universe was a geocentric universe. This meant that the Earth was at the centre of the universe and that all stars were on a celestial sphere. A celestial sphere is an imaginary sphere which acts as a dome around the Earth from which you can see the stars and the universe. Although Aristotle’s model was good for its time it could not explain retrograde motion of the planets. Retrograde motion is Ptolemy’s model of theRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church Responded Treatment1645 Words   |  7 Pagesan Italian astronomer and philosopher, the Medici family was a patron of his work. Galilei viewed the physical universe as a â€Å"Book of Nature...written in mathematical characters.† Galilei also improved the telescope, this allowed him to observe the motion of the planets and the surface of the sun and moon. Galileo came to accept Copernicus’ idea of a heliocentric universe based on observations, Galileo’s discussion of the his ideas regarding helio-centrism. Galileo’s views were challenged by the Church

China Essay - 1268 Words

China Even since the dramatic post-1949 changes in China regarding the role of women, China has remained paternalistic in its attitudes and social reality. The land reform, which was intended to create a more balanced economic force in marriage, was the beginning of governmental efforts to pacify women, with no real social effect. Communist China needed to address the woman question. Since women wanted more equality, and equality is doled out from the hands of those in power,capitalism was examined. The economic issues of repressed Chinese women were focused on the Land Act and the Marriage Act of 1950. The Land reform succeeded in eliminating the extended familys material basis and hence, its potential for posing as a†¦show more content†¦Women did succeed in gaining materialisticly. However, culture dictates whether these governmental attempts can be successful and China has proven that they were only panaceas for the real issue. Materialistic approaches could not shadow the issue of the view in Chinese society of the role of women. In the struggle for equality, China did not go to the women to find what they believed to be the most effective answer to the issue. The paternalistic powers gave women what they thought they needed for an equalizer, not understanding the need for self-affirmation and independence. The issue the women rallied under was that men were answering the woman question. Womens organizations were not allowed their voice, which became an ironic and frustrating endorsement to the pathetic state of women in China. The One-Family, One-Child policy launched in 1979 has turned reproduction into an area of direct state intervention. The new regime under Deng made the neo-Malthusian observation that the economic gains from reform were barely sufficient to accommodate a population of one billion, given the natural population growth rate of 1.26 percent, much less provide a base for advanced industrial development. The One-Family, One-Child campaigns have therefore targeted women to limit their childbearing as a patriotic duty. The family planning policy is implemented by local units of the W.F., barefoot doctors and health workers who areShow MoreRelatedThe Between China And China980 Words   |  4 Pagesfairness and impartiality in the justice system, which along with its capitalist economy, further differentiated itself from China. This concept of â€Å"one country, two systems† is an important element of Hong Kong governance, and by extension, its people. This represents a time when Hong Kong is slowly pulling its influence away from China. Due to its insulation from China that ran a communist government, Hong Kong was able to flourish as an international financial center under a free market economyRead MoreChina s Impact On China1181 Words   |  5 Pagesmany decades, China has always been technologically and economically ahead of Europe. The invention of gunpowder, printing, and the compass started in China and was later dispersed throughout Europe. These inventions changed China as much as they changed Europe. These inventions also caused a gap between China and Europe. By the late eighteenth century, industrial revolution first started its spread from Europe.The transformations within Europe began to further accelerate while China was falling behindRead MoreChina677 Words   |  3 PagesSui Dynasty (589 – 618 CE) was a short lived Imperial Chinese dynasty, preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It unified China for the first time after nearly four centuries of north-south division. It was followe d by the Tang Dynasty. Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the capital was Chang’an. His reign saw the reunification of Southern and Northern China and the construction of the Grand Canal, connecting the Yellow and Yangtze River for easy trading. The canal was used to carry riceRead MoreRural Life Of China And China1122 Words   |  5 PagesMaria Elena Granera Ms. Lopez AP Economics 7 November 2014 Rural Life in China â€Å"In China’s rural hinterland, where half the nation’s 1.3 billion people live, incomes are, on average, less than a third of those in cities† (The New York Times). Economically, rural China depends mainly on agriculture, but socially, sex inequality and diseases prevail in this part of the country. Villages, mostly populated by the country’s ocean of elders, are getting poorer while the cities are getting richer evenRead MoreMoney Frauds : China And China994 Words   |  4 PagesAgainst Money Frauds China is one of the countries that have the highest yearly rate of frauds. Although the China governments have uploaded many promotional videos on preventing the crooks, but can we really get away from the fraud base on those videos? The risk of fraudulent activity is increases every year in China. The China government should establish a special department to help people to prevent from the money frauds, because frauds are the problem that affects people a lot and also becauseRead MoreThe Guanxi Between China And China1741 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The Guanxi phenomena is exclusive to China and is very apparent in everyday life, it can be used in the personal dealings or at the business level. Guanxi concept is not completely alien to the rest of the world, it is apparent in a slightly different, more modest form. Most of people would be aware of bribery (it is an act of giving money or gifts that alters the behavior of the recipient), which would be someway linked to guanxi concept. The main difference is that bribery recognisedRead MoreChina s Rural Crisis : China1403 Words   |  6 Pagesexternal pressures that caused the eventual collapse of Qing society. Foreign imperialism highlighted China’s backwardness to its own citizens and, and also heightened the already existing conflicts within China itself. It directly challenged the cultural nexus of power, which held China together for hundreds of years. This system combined the imperial examination system, standard marketing community, language of lineage, and popular religions to promote the cultural form of governance. TheseRead MoreTrade Imbalance Between China And China1365 Words   |  6 Pagesnations in the eastern hemisphere. China was one of those nations. China was a nation known for isolating itself from outside influen ce, especially from the Europeans. Soon the Europeans began to grow jealous of China s bounty of enticing goods and resources such as porcelain, tea and silk. China on the other hand did not have any need for European goods. In pursuit to put a halt to the trade imbalance between the two nations, Britain started to smuggle opium into China. The reason behind this was becauseRead MoreTrade Imbalance Between China And China1674 Words   |  7 Pagesporcelain were much desired by European and had a huge demand in the Western market. In England, tea was the most desired Chinese good and trade in tea was very lucrative. However, this created a trade imbalance because Western goods had no market in China. China was a self-sustaining country and that make it harder for Western merchant to trade with them. Apart from that, the merchants had a hard time getting into Chinese market and had to deal through Chinese middlemen in Canton. At this point, the BritishRead MorePoverty in China1079 Wo rds   |  5 Pages12/3/14 Poverty in China FRIDAY October seventeenth was Chinas first official â€Å"Poverty Alleviation Day†, a yearly assembly of discussions and pledge drives, intended to rally deliberations to battle hardship. Obviously, because of Chinas quick financial advancement, the nation as of now assuages a great deal of destitution every day: a year ago the quantity of rustic poor fell by 16.5m or in excess of 45,000 individuals every day. However that still left 82.49m individuals stuck in country

Changing Nature of Workplace-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analyse the Changes in Workplace. Answer: Introduction The report is based on the analysis of the changing nature of workplace from the 1990s to the year 2017. The traditional systems and arrangement of the workplace have changed and this has an impact on the role of the managers in the organizations as well the studies related to management. The full-time employees in the organization are being replaced by the part time and contract based employees. The traditional models of business have also changed from the last ten years. The changes in the workplace environment have caused many changes in the recruitment processes of the organizations as well (Underhill 2013). The main objective of this report is to analyse these changes and the impacts on the managers of the organizations. Discussion of the changing nature of work The nature of work in the organizations has changed a lot in the last 10 to 15 years. The work process in todays business environment has become more cognitive in nature. As discussed by Gorm and Shklovski (2016), the process related to work in the organizations is more collaborative in nature and based on the teams. The organizations are therefore more dependent on the social skills of the employees and their competence with the new and changing technologies. The processes of the organizations are more dependent on the time related aspects. The organizations try to adapt with the changing environment by bringing continuous changes in their work process so that they can gain advantage over their competition in the market. As argued by Marginson (2015), the changes that have occurred in the organizations in the recent times are as discussed further. The hierarchical structure of the organizations is reduced so that the problems raised in the organizations can be solved faster as compa red to the previous situations. The structure of the organizations has also changed in the modern business environments and the employees work together as teams to achieve their goals. The employees are managed in different ways and they are expected to be committed towards the goals of the organization rather than just complying with the rules and procedures. The structure and procedures of the organizations are going through continuous changes so that they can adapt to the external environment and the changes related to the technologies. Predictions of changes that can occur in the future The workplace environment is expected to go through much more changes in the near future as well. The external environment of the workplace and the factors related to this including the political, economic, social, legal and environmental aspects are expected to change. The workplace will be mostly affected by the technological changes that will occur in the future. The organizations need to adapt to the technological changes in the external environment and develop their work processes to embed the changes. The team work and social abilities of the employees will also act an important factor in the future organizations. Collaborative work will be necessary for the successful operations of the organizations and the work processes. Analysis of the impacts of these changes on the employees and managers As discussed by Manuti et al. (2015), the changes in the workplace environment have also affected the work process of the employees and the managers of the organization. The managers of the organizations need to work collaboratively with the employees rather than just giving them orders or making rules. The employees are considered to be the stakeholders of the company and they can place their opinion in the decisions made by the company. The managers need to build strong relationships with the employees of the organizations so that they can influence and motivate them to achieve their goals (Unsworth, Dmitrieva and Adriasola 2013). The motivation that is provided to the employees by the managers helps them in achieving their goals and thereby increase the profitability of the organizations. Strains, dilemmas and contradictions regarding the changes The reduction in the hierarchy of the organizations has brought many dilemmas in the organization as the managers now have to work collaboratively with the employees instead of placing orders. On the other hand, the responsibility on the employees have also increased. Hence, this has caused stress in the organization for the employees and the managers as well to adapt to the changes (Tulgan 2017). Ways by which a manager can survive in the changing environment According to Putnam, Myers and Gailliard (2014), the changes in the organizational environment can cause loss in the productivity of the employees or fall in their quality of work as well. The duty of the manager is to help the employees to adapt to the changes that have occurred in the organization. The manager can survive in the changed environment by understanding the changes properly and communicating the changes in the organizations as well. The managers need to rationalize the changes for the employees and make them understand the positive effects of these changes. In this manner the manager can survive in the changed environment along with the employees. Conclusion The report is based on the analysis of the changes that have occurred in the workplace environment in the past few years. The effects of these changes on the managers and the employees of the organizations are also analysed in the report. The changes in the work process of the organization has occurred due to the changes in the external environment. The problems faced by the managers and the employees due to the changes in the environment are analysed in detail. The report is concluded with the learning the changes in the workplace is necessary to keep pace with the external environment of the organization. Reflective analysis The process that I have undertaken to answer the topic is the analysis of the two journal articles based on the given topic and the various aspects of the topic as well. I could have also done the analysis based on any real life example of workplace changes. The key topic that I have selected in the analysis is the effect of the changes in the workplace on the employees and managers if the organization. The information that I have selected for the analysis is enough to explain the topic. References Gorm, N. and Shklovski, I., 2016, May. Sharing steps in the workplace: Changing privacy concerns over time. InProceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 4315-4319). ACM. Lyons, S.T., Ng, E.S. and Schweitzer, L., 2014. Changing demographics and the shifting nature of careers: Implications for research and human resource development.Human Resource Development Review,13(2), pp.181-206. Manuti, A., Pastore, S., Scardigno, A.F., Giancaspro, M.L. and Morciano, D., 2015. Formal and informal learning in the workplace: a research review.International Journal of Training and Development,19(1), pp.1-17. Marginson, P., 2015. The changing nature of collective employment relations.Employee Relations,37(6), pp.645-657. Putnam, L.L., Myers, K.K. and Gailliard, B.M., 2014. Examining the tensions in workplace flexibility and exploring options for new directions.Human Relations,67(4), pp.413-440. Tulgan, B., 2017. The Changing Nature of Employment: What Will Be the Successful Organization of the Future?.Employment Relations Today,44(2), pp.5-11. Underhill, E., 2013. The challenge to workplace health and safety and the changing nature of work and the workplace environment.Australian workplace relations, pp.191-208. Unsworth, K.L., Dmitrieva, A. and Adriasola, E., 2013. Changing behaviour: Increasing the effectiveness of workplace interventions in creating pro?environmental behaviour change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(2), pp.211-229.

The emergence of different varieties of English worldwide Essay Example For Students

The emergence of different varieties of English worldwide Essay To cite the examples, consider wet (to water flowers), globe (electric bulb), buk (from book, meaning anything written), savi buk (from know book, meaning educated), environment (neighborhood) and bluff (to give an air of importance). A number of lexical items retain the old meaning but are no longer prevailing in Native English. One example is Dress (move at the end of a row for the sake of creating room for extra people) is the reserved meaning recorded by the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary to form in proper alignment. 3) Replacement: We will write a custom essay on The emergence of different varieties of English worldwide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Last but not lease, the final type of English colonial activity replacement will be identified in the forthcoming part. As mentioned, replacement is characterized by the phenomenon that a pre-colonial population is replaced by new labor from elsewhere, especially the slaves from West Africa (Leith 1996:181-2). In fact, there were so many pidgins and creoles thanks to the colonial activity. To make the picture clearer, the history of slave trade should be described firstly. Slave trade was originated in the mid sixteenth century when a man called Sir John Hawkins sold the captured slaves to Caribbean. After that, English started to send Africa slaves to south part of America, including Jamaica, in order to provide workforce or labors. The varieties therefore emerged as the consequence of connection amidst British and West African people attributed to colonization of America and Atlantic slave trade. In generality, majority of the English-based Creole were formed by the vocabulary of English-speaking sailors and settlers, together with many loanwords, loan transitions, grammatical patterns and so forth. According to Ligon, shipments of slaves were fetchd from several parts of Africa, who speak severall languages, and by that means, one of them understands not another (Ligon, 1647, p. 46). This statement implies the tactic that policy of the slave trader was to bring people of different language backgrounds together in the ships, to make it difficult to plot rebellion (Crystal, 1988, p. 235). If Crystal is correct, pidgin would be the only available communication among the slaves. As the time goes by, pidgin will develop as Creole and become a thoroughly functioning language. In fact, Jamaican Creole enjoys the highest status among various Creoles in the sense that it has the longest-standing literature and the media and artistic use. The Dictionary of Jamaican English (1967, 1980) was written to help standardize the spelling. It was in turn encouraged a fuller use of Creole by Jamaican writers (McArthur, T 2002). Here the citations of the vocabulary of Jamaican Creole will be listed. First, it has many words from other languages like pikni (small child) from Portuguese and ho senny ho (hows business? ) from Chinese. Moreover, there is reduplication in Jamaican Creole like poto-poto (very slimy or muddy) and fenky-fenky (very puny cowardly, fussy). Furthermore, in 18th century there was the presence of nautical terms in Jamaican speech. To cite the examples, berth (office), store (warehouse) and jacket (waistcoat). Conclusion: To conclude, there are many varieties of English around the world but they are commonly regarded as English since that is how their speakers firstly identify them, due to historical reasons (McAuthur, T 2002). In fact, the most significant factor contributing to these varieties is colonization. Three types of colonization, as mentioned above, generate different linguistic consequence and, at the end of the day, the New Englishes. Following this, scholar like David Graddol tries to estimate the future of English. Yet, the most crucial point is, English undoubtedly experiences the highest status in the world right now. .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a , .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a .postImageUrl , .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a , .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a:hover , .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a:visited , .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a:active { border:0!important; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a:active , .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud15352d8219d392cdeb8bae8d459147a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Emily Bronte present Heathcliff in the first seven chapters? EssayReferences: Edgar W. Schneider (2007) Postcolonial English: varieties around the world, The emergence of American English, New York: Cambridge University Press, 278-289. McArthur, T. (2002) The Oxford Guide to World English, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Leith, D and Jackson, L (2007) Chapter 2 The origins of English in Changing English, London: Routledge, The Open University. Leith, D, Graddol, D and Jackson, L (2007) Chapter 3 Modernity and English as a national language in Changing English, London: Routledge, The Open University. Leith, D, (2007) Chapter 4 English colonial to postcolonial in Changing English, London: Routledge, The Open University. Jenkins, J (2009) World Englishes A resource book for students, London and New York: Routledge, Taylor Francis Group.

Major General Charles Lee in the American Revolution

Major General Charles Lee in the American Revolution Major General Charles Lee (February 6, 1732–October 2, 1782) was a controversial commander who served during the  American Revolution (1775–1783). A British Army veteran, he offered his services to the Continental Congress and was given a commission. Lees prickly demeanor and substantial ego brought him into frequent conflict with  General George Washington. He was relieved of his command during the  Battle of Monmouth Court House and was later dismissed from the Continental Army by Congress. Fast Fact: Major General Charles Lee Rank: Major GeneralService: British Army, Continental ArmyBorn: February 6, 1732 in Cheshire, EnglandDied: October 2, 1782 in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaNicknames: Ounewaterika  or Boiling Water in MohawkParents: Major General John Lee and Isabella BunburyConflicts: French Indian War (1754-1763), American Revolution (1775-1783)Known For: Battle of the Monongahela, Battle of Carillon, Siege of Boston, Battle of Monmouth Early Life Born February 6, 1732, in Cheshire, England, Lee was the son of Major General John Lee and his wife Isabella Bunbury. Sent to school in Switzerland at an early age, he was taught a variety of languages and received a basic military education. Returning to Britain at age 14, Lee attended the King Edward VI School in Bury St. Edmonds before his father purchased him an ensigns commission in the British Army. Serving in his fathers regiment, the 55th Foot (later 44th Foot), Lee spent time in Ireland before purchasing a lieutenants commission in 1751. With the beginning of the French and Indian War, the regiment was ordered to North America. Arriving in 1755, Lee took part Major General Edward Braddocks disastrous campaign which ended at the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9. French and Indian War Ordered to the Mohawk Valley in New York, Lee became friendly with the local Mohawks and was adopted by the tribe. Given the name Ounewaterika or Boiling Water, he was permitted to marry the daughter of one of the chiefs. In 1756, Lee purchased a promotion to captain and a year later took part in the failed expedition against the French fortress of Louisbourg. Returning to New York, Lees regiment became part of Major General James Abercrombies advance against Fort Carillon in 1758. That July, he was badly wounded during the bloody repulse at the Battle of Carillon. Recovering, Lee took part in Brigadier General John Prideauxs successful 1759 campaign to capture Fort Niagara before joining the British advance on Montreal the following year. Interwar Years With the conquest of Canada complete, Lee was transferred to the 103rd Foot and promoted to major. In this role, he served in Portugal and played a key part in Colonel John Burgoynes triumph at the Battle of Vila Velha on October 5, 1762. The fighting saw Lees men recapture the town and win a lopsided victory that inflicted around 250 killed and captured on the Spanish while only sustaining only 11 casualties. With the end of the war in 1763, Lees regiment was disbanded and he was placed on half-pay. Seeking employment, he traveled to Poland two years later and became an aide-de-camp to King Stanislaus (II) Poniatowski. Made a major general in the Polish service, he later returned to Britain in 1767. Still unable to obtain a position in the British Army, Lee resumed his post in Poland in 1769 and took part in the Russo-Turkish War (1778–1764). While abroad, he lost two fingers in a duel. To America Invalided back to Britain in 1770, Lee continued to petition for a post in the British service. Though promoted to lieutenant colonel, no permanent position was available. Frustrated, Lee decided to return to North America and settled in western Virginia in 1773. There he purchased a large estate near lands owned by his friend Horatio Gates. Quickly impressing key individuals in the colony, such as Richard Henry Lee, he became sympathetic to the Patriot cause. As hostilities with Britain looked increasingly likely, Lee advised that an army should be formed. With the Battles of Lexington and Concord and subsequent beginning of the American Revolution in April 1775, Lee immediately offered his services to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia. Joining the American Revolution Based on his prior military exploits, Lee fully expected to be made the commander-in-chief of the new Continental Army. Though Congress was pleased to have an officer with Lees experience join the cause, it was put off by his slovenly appearance, desire to be paid, and frequent use of obscene language. The post instead was given to another Virginian, General George Washington. Lee was commissioned as the Armys second-most senior major general behind Artemis Ward. Despite being listed third in the Armys hierarchy, Lee was effectively second, as the aging Ward had little ambition beyond overseeing the ongoing Siege of Boston. Charleston Immediately resentful of Washington, Lee traveled north to Boston with his commander in July 1775. Taking part in the siege, his gruff personal behavior was tolerated by other officers due to his prior military accomplishments. With the arrival of the new year, Lee was ordered to Connecticut to raise forces for the defense of New York City. Shortly thereafter, Congress appointed him to command the Northern, and later Canadian, Department. Though selected for these posts, Lee never served in them because on March 1, Congress directed him to take over the Southern Department at Charleston, South Carolina. Reaching the city on June 2, Lee was quickly faced with the arrival of a British invasion force led by Major General Henry Clinton and Commodore Peter Parker. As the British prepared to land, Lee worked to fortify the city and support Colonel William Moultries garrison at Fort Sullivan. Doubtful that Moultrie could hold, Lee recommended that he fall back to the city. This was refused and the forts garrison turned back the British at the Battle of Sullivans Island on June 28. In September, Lee received orders to rejoin Washingtons army at New York. As a nod to Lees return, Washington changed the name of Fort Constitution, on the bluffs overlooking the Hudson River, to Fort Lee. Reaching New York, Lee arrived in time for the Battle of White Plains. Issues with Washington In the wake of the American defeat, Washington entrusted Lee with a large portion of the Army and tasked him with first holding Castle Hill and then Peekskill. With the collapse of the American position around New York after the losses of Fort Washington and Fort Lee, Washington began retreating across New Jersey. As the retreat began, he ordered Lee to join him with his troops. As the autumn had progressed, Lees relationship with his superior had continued to degrade and he began sending intensely critical letters regarding Washingtons performance to Congress. Though one of these was accidentally read by Washington, the American commander, more disappointed than angered, did not take action. Capture Moving at a slow pace, Lee brought his men south into New Jersey. On December 12, his column encamped south of Morristown. Rather than remain with his men, Lee and his staff took quarters at Whites Tavern several miles from the American camp. The next morning, Lees guard was surprised by a British patrol led by Lieutenant Colonel William Harcourt and including Banastre Tarleton. After a brief exchange, Lee and his men were captured. Though Washington attempted to exchange several Hessian officers taken at Trenton for Lee, the British refused. Held as a deserter due to his previous British service, Lee wrote and submitted a plan for defeating the Americans to General Sir William Howe. An act of treason, the plan was not made public until 1857. With the American victory at Saratoga, Lees treatment improved and he was finally exchanged for Major General Richard Prescott on May 8, 1778. Battle of Monmouth Still popular with Congress and parts of the Army, Lee rejoined Washington at Valley Forge on May 20, 1778. The following month, British forces under Clinton began evacuating Philadelphia and moving north to New York. Assessing the situation, Washington desired to pursue and attack the British. Lee strenuously objected to this plan as he felt the new alliance with France precluded the need to fight unless victory was certain. Overruling Lee, Washington and the army crossed to New Jersey and closed with the British. On June 28, Washington ordered Lee to take a force of 5,000 men forward to attack the enemys rearguard. At around 8 a.m., Lees column met the British rearguard under Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis just north of Monmouth Court House. Rather than commence a coordinated attack, Lee committed his troops piecemeal and rapidly lost control of the situation. After a few hours of fighting, the British moved to flank Lees line. Seeing this, Lee ordered a general retreat after offering little resistance. Falling back, he and his men encountered Washington, who was advancing with the rest of the Army. Appalled by the situation, Washington sought out Lee and demanded to know what had happened. After receiving no satisfactory answer, he rebuked Lee in one of the few instances where he swore publicly. Replying with inappropriate language, Lee was immediately relieved of his command. Riding forward, Washington was able to rescue American fortunes during the remainder of the Battle of Monmouth Court House. Later Career and Life Moving to the rear, Lee promptly wrote two highly insubordinate letters to Washington and demanded a court-martial to clear his name. Obliging, Washington had a court-martial convened at New Brunswick, New Jersey on July 1. Proceeding under the guidance of Major General Lord Stirling, the hearings concluded on August 9. Three days later, the board returned and found Lee guilty of disobeying orders in the face of the enemy, misbehavior, and disrespecting the commander-in-chief. In the wake of the verdict, Washington forwarded it to Congress for action. On December 5, Congress voted to sanction Lee by relieving him from command for one year. Forced from the field, Lee began working to overturn the verdict and openly attacked Washington. These actions cost him what little popularity he had remaining. In response to his assault on Washington, Lee was challenged to several duels. In December 1778, Colonel John Laurens, one of Washingtons aides, wounded him in the side during a duel. This injury prevented Lee from following through on a challenge from Major General Anthony Wayne. Returning to Virginia in 1779, he learned that Congress intended to dismiss him from the service. In response, he wrote a scathing letter that resulted in his formal dismissal from the Continental Army on January 10, 1780. Death Lee moved to Philadelphia in the same month as his dismissal, January 1780. He resided in the city until taking ill and dying on October 2, 1782. Though unpopular, his funeral was attended by much of Congress and several foreign dignitaries. Lee was buried at Christ Episcopal Church and Churchyard in Philadelphia.

Leadership and Management Hierarchy of Fire Profession Assignment

Leadership and Management Hierarchy of Fire Profession - Assignment Example Apart from his hard work, Mr. Murdoch has been particularly phenomenal when it comes to the exhibition of great leadership traits and characteristics that can be replicated in any public and private service, including the fire and emergency service. Some of these characteristics and traits have been discussed below. As a global leader whose work field of work has focused on finding news for the public, Mr. Murdoch has been identified to be a very good seeker who leads his outfit to go to every extent to find news as they unfold. It is for this reason that News Corporation has mostly been ranked as one of the best in America (Barnacle, 2006). Writing on leadership traits and characteristics, George (2010) noted that leaders act as the directional heads of their organizations, who take a step for all the others to follow. Consequently, the need to be a seeker who always searches for the most applicable and useful strategies that can be used by the company has been recommended. Leaders who are seekers can indeed be very good pacesetters who can guarantee that they will lead their organizations safely to their goals without facing any challenges. This is because before asking the follower to take any step this leader might have first sought to be convinced of the step being taken. There is no denying the fact that the fire and emergency service could also apply this characteristics and trait of being seekers for the betterment of the organization. Like the News Corporation’s work, the fire and emergency service deals so much with promptness and forecasting. In the world of the media, broadcasting delayed news could be as worthless as not broadcasting it at all. Because of this, media practitioners who have seekers like Mr. Murdoch have always focused on breaking news first. In the same way, delaying with fire, rescue and other emergency support could be regarded as worthless.

Video Analysis 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Video Analysis 4 - Essay Example At the commencement of 1990s, the company digressed from its dealings with other services and concentrated on telecommunications. Currently, the company leads in mobile communications with sales being approximated to be higher than $31 billion and still offers job opportunities to 56,000 individuals. The company has straightforward mission that is realized through consumer feedbacks thus ensuring consumer contentment. The company focuses on product design, network security and technological advancement experienced within the global environment. The information offered allows readers to understand how the background or foundation of Nokia was established, in order, to make certain that people within different contexts manage to communicate through utilization of its diverse phone brands. Nokia company has undertaken in diversified business ventures, to reach the current state that has enabled connection of billions of people around the globe. The mission that the company utilizes have considerably assisted in ensuring that the company acquires competitive advantage, with relation, to other mobile companies. Companies can easily switch activities provided the substitute has considerable potential and opportunities for receiving enormous sales (Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius,

Challenges Doing Business in India Essay Example for Free

Challenges Doing Business in India Essay Trade barriers are created to encourage domestic players by making it more difficult for foreign firms to compete. Traditionally, India has had several types of trade hurdles for foreign exporters, such as, Import Quotas, Subsidies, Trade Samples and Tariff/Duty. The most critical barrier to trade is tariffs or the tax imposed on imports. High tariffs in several sectors continue to bar foreign businesses from increased market access. Red-tapism and Corruption Traditionally, Indian bureaucracy has been mired in red tape which proved to be a frustrating experience for foreign investors. These include limited access to Government offices, cumbersome and multitude paperwork, lack of coordination between various departments processing the documentation, long waiting period for approvals, and above all ambiguous rules. However, with the economic reforms of early 1990s, the level of bureaucratic hurdles which the MNCs had to overcome, gradually reduced making it easier to do business. Corruption is another big hurdle when doing business in India. Areas like electricity supply, judiciary (particularly lower courts), Police, land administration are counted in the most corrupt category. Since all these are essential in building up a business, corruption proves to be a major hurdle for starting business in India. Inadequate Infrastructure It has long been felt that roads and communication in India need substantial investment in order to make them world class. Problems with the countrys education and power situation are also counted amongst the toughest obstacles for doing business. Today, there is an increased private participation in ports, roads and other key sectors. Infrastructure development has emerged as a niche market for foreign investors in India with several states looking to build world class infrastructure. The problem area is the absence of a clear-cut policy framework, which has hampered private investment in the infrastructure sector.

The Moral Implications of The Pardoner?s Tale and The Nun?s Priest?s T

During the Middle Ages, England was a nation in social chaos. Deception of every kind was rampart throughout the lands. Many people felt that there was a great need for moral improvement in society. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales he clearly brings to light his thoughts and concerns of â€Å"ethical cleansing.† No tale more fully expresses this idea than that of â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale† and â€Å"The Nun’s Priest’s Tale.† â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale† suggests a profile of the Pardoner as a moral man, a man of God. The narrator is viewed as a wise, gentle, and truthful man who wants to share his story in a respectful tone. His story reveals his message, which is that greed leads to destruction and the corruption of all things good. The Pardoner appears to have beliefs that are consistent with the moral of the story. As he describes the journey of the three riders, he recognizes the evils of being greedy. â€Å"For it was utterly the man’s intent/ To kill them both and never to repent†(255). He is perceived as a holy man who values truth and honesty. His tale describes the downfall in man’s pride and arrogance. This is demonstrated through the irony of the three riders as they seek Death, whom they find when they plot against each other for selfish reasons and kill one another. â€Å"They fell on him and slew him, two to one†¦He took a bottle full of poison up/ And drank and his companion drank from it also and they both perished† (256). The Pardoner’s prologue, however, reveals a man dedicated... The Moral Implications of The Pardoner?s Tale and The Nun?s Priest?s T During the Middle Ages, England was a nation in social chaos. Deception of every kind was rampart throughout the lands. Many people felt that there was a great need for moral improvement in society. In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales he clearly brings to light his thoughts and concerns of â€Å"ethical cleansing.† No tale more fully expresses this idea than that of â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale† and â€Å"The Nun’s Priest’s Tale.† â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale† suggests a profile of the Pardoner as a moral man, a man of God. The narrator is viewed as a wise, gentle, and truthful man who wants to share his story in a respectful tone. His story reveals his message, which is that greed leads to destruction and the corruption of all things good. The Pardoner appears to have beliefs that are consistent with the moral of the story. As he describes the journey of the three riders, he recognizes the evils of being greedy. â€Å"For it was utterly the man’s intent/ To kill them both and never to repent†(255). He is perceived as a holy man who values truth and honesty. His tale describes the downfall in man’s pride and arrogance. This is demonstrated through the irony of the three riders as they seek Death, whom they find when they plot against each other for selfish reasons and kill one another. â€Å"They fell on him and slew him, two to one†¦He took a bottle full of poison up/ And drank and his companion drank from it also and they both perished† (256). The Pardoner’s prologue, however, reveals a man dedicated...

Developments in the travel and tourism industry

Select two recent or current developments in the travel and tourism industry and explain how these developments have affected career opportunities and job roles within the industry. In this first part of the question, I will talk about how technology has affected careers and job roles within the travel & tourism industry. Technology has been the biggest development on the travel & tourism industry within the last ten years. It has allowed many companies to offer improved service to customers and help with the start up of many other businesses. Computers have been used for many years especially within the airline industry for tasks such as check in and ATC (Air Traffic Control), but now computers are being used in travel agents and tour operators. This could have affect on jobs, as computerisation will lead to less paper work. Computers are also used to access the Internet and customers are seeing the benefits of using this method of booking. Online booking also cuts out paying the travel agent commission; prices are also generally lower on the Internet. A new type of travel agent is appearing on the Internet, which specialises in e-commerce (electronic business) and example of this type of organisation is Expedia. Organisations such as this can be used to book all the principles of a holiday in one place. This also affects jobs, as only two or three people will need to be employed to ensure the systems work properly. This could affect many travel agents; some have already closed, as they cannot compete with the competition that is being given from online organisations. Some companies may choose to integrate, but this can also lead to a loss in jobs, as the amount of staff required maybe lower. As I mentioned previously, computers have been used in the airline and airport sector for many years. Airlines now use computers in a different way. Thanks to the advances in technology, passengers can now check in using a kiosk within the terminal building and at Waterloo Station, London, when travelling with British Airways. It is also possible to check in online 24 hours before a flight departure. The introduction of check in kiosks will inevitably mean that fewer customer service agents will be required. Not all development within the industry will lead to loss of jobs; one example of this is Terminal 5 at Heathrow Airport. More staff will be employed when British Airways moves all of its flights and services from Terminal 1 & 4 to Terminal 5. More staff will be employed to work within shops, stations and facilities that will be available to customers when the terminal opens in 2008. Aircraft are also becoming more technologically advanced, two of the world biggest aircraft manufactures, Boeing and Airbus are developing new aircraft that will changed the way passengers travel. The Airbus A380 will become the largest civil aircraft in the world; and will have a maximum captivity will be 840 passengers. Singapore Airlines among others will be modifying the cabin to included bars, shops and gyms that will require staff to attend and maintain while in the air. There will be more career opportunities such as cabin crew and aircraft pilot when the new aircraft are introduced into service. An extension of aircraft is the possibility of space travel. Staff that will be employed for space travel will have to be trained to a higher level of health and safety and will be specialised in the working of and running of the craft. Visitor attractions have been using technology to their advantage. The safety of rides in theme parks can closely be monitored with computers, if a hazard occurs it can be located quickly and action can be taken. This will reduced the amount of mechanics needed to look after the rides. Technology has also allowed rides to have a higher thrill factor without compromising the safety of riders. Thorpe Park is the first theme park in the world to have a ten-loop roller coaster. It is kept safe with the use of computers, so that the ride operators can ensure high levels of safety.

Social Isolation Of The Elderly Essay - 1408 Words

Social isolation is a major social problem with health and economic implications globally (Cornwell and Waite, 2009; Gallie, Paugam, and Jacobs, 2003). It is reported to be associated with poor physical and psychological health among older adults (Findlay, 2003; Pettigrew, 2007). Additionally, social isolation also affects an individual’s well-being (Victor et al., 2000). Over the past 40 years, consistent research has been done on well-being of the elderly to reduce social isolation. Previous literature examining social isolation of the elderly has looked at it from a healthcare, sociology and psychology perspective (e.g. Bild Havighurst, 1976; Noà «l et al., 2004; Tse, Leung and Ho, 2012). In the healthcare literature, scholars have discovered pain, impairments, and chronic medical illnesses negatively affect older adults’ lives (e.g. Bild Havighurst, 1976; Noà «l et al., 2004; Tse, Leung and Ho, 2012). It is proposed that active social contact involving creativity and mentoring should be encouraged to help improve physical well-being of the elderly (e.g. Tennstedt et al., 1998; Ciechanowski et al., 2004; McAuley et al., 2000). In sociological studies, social functions such as social interaction, social roles and social networks (Blazer, 2000) play an important role in the well-being of older adults (e.g. Grubb et al., 2011; Lee and Szinovacz, 2016; Davidson, Daly and Arber, 2003). It is suggested that older adults’ subjective well-being can be improved through moreShow MoreRelatedSocial Isolation And The Elderly1689 Words   |  7 PagesMany of the elderly find themselves living in isolation. There are many reasons why the elderly will find themselves living alone and in isolation. Many times caregivers have difficulty intervening. Social isolation can have many effects on the health status of the elderly. When alone the mental, physical and even the nutritional status of the older person can be affected. Trying to get the person to accept that they are being isolated can be difficult. There are a few resources that can have aRead MoreSocial Isolation And Loneliness Among Elderly1380 Words   |  6 Pages Social Isolation and Loneliness among elderly Howetta Queenborrows Introduction to Gerontology Professor: Alda Tee October 27th, 2014 â€Æ' As we get older, our social connections often gets smaller, only having things or people that are extremely important to us. In this paper we will be examining the social-psychological problems; social isolation and loneliness that are faced by elderly by facilitating the response to five main discussion topics. The following discussion will facilitate the understandingRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Children s Mental And Physical Health1228 Words   |  5 Pagesand more isolated, senior citizens. The isolation may come as a surprise but according to the U.S. Census 28% of people 65 and older lived alone in 2010 (AARP) . There are many risks that isolation causes for everyone but it is even more detrimental to the elderly. Major risks from isolation are an increased risk of mortality adults aged 52 older along having a large impact in high blood pressure (social). This is due to the crippling effects that isolation can have on a person’s mental and physicalRead MorePsycholog ical Factors Affecting Social Isolation845 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Isolation Social isolation may be defined as the absence of social interaction, contacts, and relationships with family and friends, with neighbors on an individual level, and with society at large on a broader level. Social isolation is considered a risk factor in the development of disease and the disabilities that can occur in the course of an existing disease. Social support may be defined as the resources provided by other persons including emotional social, physical, financial, andRead MoreSocial Intervention For Depression And Social Isolation1599 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Intervention for Depression and Social Isolation Among the Elderly Social isolation can be a major health problem for many older adults (Dickens, Richards, Greaves, Campbell, 2011). Social isolation involves, individuals lacking social connections and engagement with others (Nicholson, 2012). Depression in elderly populations has become more prevalent with the aging population (Pittock, 2012). Depression has negative effects on many facets of an elderly persons life, including quality ofRead MoreThe Elderly Should Receive More Geographical Attention921 Words   |  4 PagesThe elderly are a rapidly growing demographic group, estimated to reach 16.9 million people by 2035 in the UK due to low fertility rates, improved healthcare and thus longer life expectancy (Rutherford 2012). This is problematic as many elderly people experience multiple exclusion (Age Concern England 2008), which intensifies once over 75 years of age (De Markokos 2008). This is due to the ‘social model’, whereby as ageing occurs the elderly progressively withdraw f rom society, especially in WesternRead MoreSupporting the Elderly Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesanother phase of life, but not the end of life. In order to help elderly cope with aging it is important for them to have social interaction. Support from family, friends and the local community can make a difference in the psychological well being of older adults. There is great concern for the increasing amount of elderly people without children. Childlessness can not be directly linked to loneliness and depression in the elderly, but there is some evidence that it can have an effect on theirRead MoreInfluence Of Elder Abuse Based On Race And Race932 Words   |  4 Pageschild on the older adult has a strong correlation with social relationships among one another, with people outside the family and the social isolation of the abused elderly (von Heydrich, Schiamberg, and Chee, 2012). There is limited or no social support systems for the older adult or the child caregiver. One way of looking at social isolation is viewed that the caregiver is using the isolation as a weapon against the abused elderly. With isolation enforced then it prevents outsiders to intervene correctlyRead MoreRobotics Changes the World848 Words   |  4 PagesFrontiers of Robotics† shows the unavoidable of the use of robots in the future and ethical problems that come together (p. 357). According to Sharkey (2008), there are positive and negative aspects of the robots use for care for children and the elderly, and the use of autonomous robots in the military (p. 358). Sharkey claims that using robots in our daily life would have both positive and negative sides because robots can assist in our busy world, act as a substitute for soldiers, but can alsoRead MoreEffects Of Social Isolation On Health941 Words   |  4 PagesSocial interaction is important to every aspect of our life. This is because it connect people live together in impart for love, friend and support. Social interaction and social support are one of the important component in predicting the health and well-being. In fact, there is a relation between the degree to which a person feels connected to others or community and their health. However, some individuals are short of participation, activity and communication which is a result of social isolation