Small Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Small Business - Case Study Example With the impetus given by the government on creating infrastructure, not only for the local population, but for the perceived needs of the tourists, I had a feeling the tourism industry would pick up in a great way in our region. There have been fast food joints operating in our area for quite sometime, but these predominantly serve American food. There were one or two eateries serving local food, but the service was not upto the mark. The need of the hour was to open a restaurant which could cater to an international clientele , and yet allow them to experiment with the local cuisine, if they felt like. Yes, I had made up my mind to exploit this potential and open a budget restaurant,which could cater to the growing number of tourists, who wanted to have cuisines from all over the world and were willing to experiment the local flavours too. Location plays a very important role in determining the success or failure of a business venture, especially a small business venture, like an eatery. The business and revenues would most certainly depend on the number of persons visiting this outlet. So, I had to make sure that it was in the heart of the city or such appropriate place , where tourists would flock for a good bargain. Luckily, an existing eatery was on sale, very close to the city center and I finalized on it. It had only one floor built, so, I could add some more floors, in case my venture was successful. Finance/Credit The cost of the building with the existing unit was 5000. Mobilizing such a huge amount was a nightmare. Somehow, I was able to mortgage my house and apply for a loan from the Bank of . My papers were cleared and I had been sanctioned and amount of 3000 from the bank, to be repaid over a period of ten years. I was able to arrange the rest of the amount as loans from friends and relatives. Next I had to think about the workers, their salaries, cost of renovations etc. Workers We decided to start with a minimum number of workers. The family members would have to pitch in as and when they had a chance. My wife and I would take care of the restaurant in the day and my college-going son was asked to help in the evenings, as the rush would be too much for the two of us to handle. So, we needed minimum help in the form of 1. cook-1 2. servers/helpers-2 Apportioning a salary of 100 for the cook, and 50 each for the servers, we would have the rest of the profits. The cost of raw materials had to be factored in, which would work out to 100 during lean days and any where from 200-300 during the tourist season. Marketing Investing a reasonable amount in marketing and creating consumer awareness has its own benefits for any business. We set aside a sum of 500 fro placing advertisements in in-flight magazines, and pamphlets to be distributed at tourist spots. Once people starting visiting us, our reputation would depend more on the word of mouth. We had to be very careful in treating each customer and paying individual attention. Our place had to be spanking clean and

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Shelley wanted the audience in this scene to feel greater sympathy for the monster as he is turned away yet again by mankind because he is simply judged too quickly because of his appearance. Branagh remains true to Shelleys intentions in this scene by making the monster appear heartbroken. Cries echo through the forest, he runs with a limp through the forest away from the house and collapses on the ground as soon as he thinks he is out of sight from the family. These things were very good for building up sympathy for the monster. This scene is also where we see the monster beginning to change. He goes back to the house and sees that the family have fled their home, this makes the monster so angry and upset that he sets fire to the cottage and swears that he will have revenge on the man who made him, so he reads the journal left in his jacket and goes to Geneva to get his revenge on Frankenstein. Branagh made this part of his film very dramatic by using very fast powerful music against the roaring of flames and black smoke that engulfed the cottage and the monster stood in front of the cottage looking fiercely at the flames with a look of anger in his eyes. This is good because it shows that the emotions and feelings which the monster has been hiding are all being forced out of him because he is determined to find answers to all the questions he has about his life and this is exactly how Shelley intended this scene to look as the monster suddenly realises his purpose of life is an experiment. When the monster kills William and sets up Justine Branagh managed to plan this very well because Shelley wanted the monster to kill the little brother and also be able to plant it on Justine without losing sympathy from the audience for the monster and Branagh is able to do this by not actually showing the monster killing William. In the next scene the monster and Frankenstein meet in the mountains, the monster has his chance to get his answers from the man who made him. The monster comes across as being very certain of his knowledge and his feelings. This appears to scare Frankenstein because he doesnt actually know why he did something so evil and didnt realise the greatness of the pain he had caused. Shelley wanted this conversation between the monster and Frankenstein to make the audience judge the monster as the good guy and Frankenstein as the bad guy. Branagh does this by making the monster talk and ask a lot more questions than Frankenstein. Frankenstein has a look of shock on his face throughout the conversation but the monster looks very certain and meaningful of everything he says to Victor, again making the monster seem superior to Frankenstein. Shelley wanted the audience to feel that the monster only did certain evil things because he was given emotions and senses but not shown how to use them and Branagh fits that into the film by the monster asking Victor Why he made him and brought him into the world to live and so very quickly and then left him to die. Shelley believed that no child should be bought into the world without being loved by parents; Branagh shows this belief of Shelleys by building up a father and son relationship and shows the father-like character abandoning an innocent child-like character. The monster asks one thing of Frankenstein and that is to have a bride that will look as ugly as him so that she would accept him for whom he is and vows that they will never be seen again. This again shows the maturity and sense of the monster. Frankenstein grants him this and promises he will have his bride. Frankenstein doesnt keep his promise and returns home to marry his bride and travel away with armed men on their wedding night so they will have protection if the monster does come to kill them which he promised he would if he did not get his bride. It is a dark and stormy night and raining very heavily which makes it very hard to see through the dark night, Frankenstein goes outside because he thinks he hears the monsters pipe playing and leaves Elizabeth on her own, quiet slow music start to play but it starts to get faster and louder which says to the viewer that the monster is close by, which he is because he climbs through the window and punches Elizabeth in the chest and pulls her heart out, spraying blood everywhere making a very gruesome sound and very nasty to look at. Frankenstein refuses to accept the death of his new bride so he takes her back to his laboratory and starts cutting up Justines body and stitching parts of her and Elizabeth together and revives her so once again we see all the gory bits of limbs being cut up and sewn together, as Elizabeth awakens she realises what Victor has done to her as the monster comes into the laboratory and mistakes her for his bride which victor had promised her, she becomes so angry and upset with the fact that she has been part of Victor playing God she sets herself on fire and runs through the house alighting everything. This scene is again highly over exaggerated, as it is very gory and horrifically unnecessary to the viewer. As Walton and his crew come to burn Frankensteins body the monster emerges from the distance and is offered by Walton to come with them, this being his first offering of acceptance to mankind, the monster says he was my father and decides to set himself alight upon Frankensteins body so that they burnt together. I think Branagh managed to remain true to most of Shelleys intentions of Frankenstein by portraying the monsters character as a very innocent, childlike character linking it all in very well with Shelleys beliefs she had before and whilst writing Frankenstein. Branagh definitely pandered to the accepted stereotype of the horror genre by showing a lot of close-ups of quite disturbing images and very horrific noises that went with the images that a book cant do. Branagh also used a very wide range of music that managed to fit into all the horrific parts of his film very well. Charlotte Tufnell 10M Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Geography of Belize :: Essays Papers

Geography of Belize Belize which was formerly known as British Honduras until 1981 is an 8,867 acre plot of land located in Central America. The territory covered by Belize is slightly smaller than the state of Massachusetts (Gall 45). Mexico surrounds Belize to the north, Guatemala to the southwest and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The population of Belize conists of approximately 256,000 people. Rougly seventy-one percent of Belize's population resides in cities such as Belize City, San Ignacio, and Punta Gorda. The remaining population lives in rural areas (Krutzinna 66-67). Belize's climate is tropical and humid throughout most of the year. The rainy season falls between the months of May and October. THe average temperature along the Belizean coast is 78.8Â °, while temperatures rise inland. The hurricane season is the most influential climatic element to Belize's environment and well being, which lasts from July to October. For example, the capital city of Belize was moved from coastal Belize City to Belmopan central Belize in 1971 because of the extensive damage caused by Hurricane Hattie in 1961 (Krutzinna 105). Belmopan has been Belize's captial since 1971. It is seated in the center of Belize on the Belize River, half way between the coastal Belize City and the Belize- Guatemalan border town of San Ignacio. The capital has not become the bustling metropolis that Belize City continues to be, but it does provide a train station for travelers as well as cultural buildings for some light sight-seeing. Belmopan, Belize is geographically and politically important to Belize, however, it is still not the center of Belizean culture and economy (Krutzinna 105-106). Forests and woodlands cover about ninety-two percent of Belize's terrain (Marshall 447). These forests and woodlands are home to seven hundered species of trees and approximately four thousand species of flowering plants. Among the seven hundred species of trees living in the forests and woodlands are mahogany, pine, cedar and rosewood. Belize exports much of its mahogany, pine and cedar woods, which directly affects the issue of deforestation it is currently facing from the abundance of trees that have been cut down in the past (Gall 49). Deforestation has become an important topic in Belize since many of its trees have been cut down for sale on the international market.

Spinozas Philosophical Psychotherapy :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Spinoza's Philosophical Psychotherapy missing works cited ABSTRACT: Spinoza's philosophy has a practical aim. The Ethics can be interpreted as a guide to a happy, intellectually flourishing life. Spinoza gives us principles about how to guard against the power of passions which prevent the mind from attaining understanding. In what follows, I consider Spinoza's techniques for guarding against the passions by turning to Jonathan Bennett's criticisms of Spinozistic psychotherapy. Bennett finds three central techniques for freeing oneself from the passions: (i) reflecting on determinism; (ii) separating and joining; and (iii) turning passions into actions. Bennett believes that all of these techniques are in some sense flawed. I contend that Bennett offers good criticism against technique (i), but his criticisms against (ii) and (iii) are unfounded. I. Introduction Spinoza's philosophy had a practical aim. What he wanted to do was to show the way to perfect peace of mind and joy offered by the life of reason. The Ethics is written as a guidebook to a happy, intellectually flourishing life. Basic in Spinoza's thought is the simple observation that we all want to live well but do not know the way to a happy life. He wanted to give us the instructions which include principles about how to guard us from the power of passions which prevent the mind from understanding. In this paper my aim is to consider how well founded Spinoza's techniques against the passions are. I will do this by concentrating on Jonathan Bennett's criticism of Spinozistic psychotherapy. Bennett finds from the Ethics three central techniques of freeing oneself from passions: (i) reflecting on determinism; (ii) separating and joining; and (iii) turning passions into actions. Bennett believes that all these techniques are in some sense flawed. My contention is that Bennett offers good criticism against 'reflecting on determinism'-technique but that his criticism against 'separating and joining'-technique as well as against 'turning passions into actions'-technique is not well-founded. The paper devotes most space to the 'turning passions into actions'-technique. However, before considering Bennett's view of Spinoza's psychotherapy, I will give an overview of Spinoza's theory of activity and passivity. II. Passivity and Activity According to Spinoza "we act, when something happens, in us or outside us, of which we are the adequate cause. . . . we are acted on when something happens in us, or something follows from our nature, of which we are only a partial cause. (IIID2)." The notion of adequate cause that occurs in the definition above is defined as follows:

Is Compulsory Military Training Necessary

Wars are peaceful than marriages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ but†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ let him who wants peace never prepare for a war†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I agree with the second part†¦.. * Military training is schooling of body and spirit in the art of killing. Military training is education for war. It is the perpetuation of war spirit. It hinders the development of the desire for peace. * Conscription involves the degradation of human personality, and the destruction of liberty. Barrack life, military drill, blind obedience to commands, however unjust and foolish they may be, and deliberate training for slaughter undermine respect for the individual, for democracy and human life. ————————————————- It is debasing human dignity to force men to give up their life, or to inflict death against their will.The country which thinks its entitled to force its citizens to go to war will never pay p roper regard to the value and happiness of their lives in peace. Moreover, by conscription the militarist spirit of aggressiveness is implanted in the whole male population at the most impressionable age. By training for war men come to consider war as unavoidable and even desirable. 1. Military training – is for people who fight external aggression through the army, navy & air force. The threat perceptions that India faces could arise from – Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Burma. However the Indian army has deployed more forces in fighting insurgency within India than in fighting wars. More army personnel have died in internal operations than in all the wars we've fought. This is demoralizing for an army who has to fight ;amp; kill it's own citizens.What is required is training for better policing and better policies to avoid internal uprisings – fire prevention rather than fire fighting. 2. Compulsory – The Indian armed forces are a v olunteer force. They face a shortage of officers, not soldiers. This shortage is in thousands whereas 20 million youth join the work force each year. Even our soldiers number around 1 million. So what would you do with the 19 million extra trained people? 3. Youth of India – our literacy rate is around 50-60%.Over 100 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are not in school. It's not that youth don't need training – they do. And some of the qualities that military training gives – discipline, working for and in a group, fitness, energy are all useful to make them more capable so they can lead more meaningful & productive lives and contribute to the overall success & productivity of their families & land. We need more trained teachers, doctors, social activists, engineers, entrepreneurs†¦ the list is endless.We need more roads, more schools, more food, more electricity, more water, more houses†¦ this list is endless too. Trained & educated youth would contribute to the removal of poverty and distress – first for them selves – and then for their society. When unattended these cause violent uprisings which are then suppressed by the military. * They talk about conscription as a democratic institution. Yes; so is a cemetary. ————————————————- 4. Like Singapore – The answer to this part of your question lies not in geography but in economics.While Singapore is about the size of Bombay, it's recourse to compulsory military training is not because of it's small size but because its economic development is far ahead of India's. The variety of fulfilling opportunities that exist for young people in Singapore makes the military an unattractive career. O the other hand, for India's enormous pool of unemployed & maybe unemployable youth, the military is good career opportunity. So the re is currently no shortage of soldiers.But for the better educated youth, with excellent career opportunities, joining the officer corps of the armed forces is not so attractive a choice, and hence the shortfall of officers. Perhaps a day will come when all our youth are educated and can choose good careers in industry, commerce or other civilian pursuits and then we may need to resort to some type of compulsion. Or India may be a participant in a large & long duration war, with many soldiers killed and not enough wanting to die for their country, and then some type of compulsion may be necessary. As far as physical improvement is concerned, it is agreed that a year of military service might be helpful to many men. It is also true that the problem of physical condition is one of major proportions.About half the men examined by the Army and Navy during the present war have been rejected for military service, chiefly on account of mental or physical deficiencies. * Economics: It can be argued that in a cost-to-benefit ratio, conscription during peace time is not worthwhile. 77] Months or years of service amongst the most fit and capable subtracts from the productivity of the economy; add to this the cost of training them, and in some countries paying them. * â€Å"I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent. † * In peace sons bury fathers, but war violates the order of nature, and fathers bury sons. * ————————————————- â€Å"How come the dove gets to be the peace symbol? How about the pillow? It has more feathers than the dove, and it doesn't have that dangerous beak. â€Å"

Psychology In Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films

Psychology In Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films Psychology in Lord of the Flies In Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, a group of schoolboys become stranded on an island. The novel describes how most of the boys change from civilized to immoral behavior. There are no adults on this island to enforce rules and laws. As the boys loose touch with the standards of old they start to enjoy the island more and more. Eventually they are completely free of the civilized ways they were taught. When Simon came with news about the beast the others were dancing around a fire chanting, "Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!" They turned on him, beating him to death. They had, in fact, become the beast themselves. Like animals they had lost the feelings of compassion and remorse. The book is a psychological study of the influence of the group on the behavior of individuals. Upon arriving on the island the boys search for the necessities to stay alive. As in the psychologist Abraham Maslow's theory of human needs each step must be satisfied before you go to the next stage. The island provided plenty of food and water, satisfying their basic needs of stage one. The stranded schoolboys tried to find security by finding a way to make fire. Gradually they began to develop some rules and leaders. At an assembly only the person holding the conch could speak. As their physical needs had been fulfilled they began to form groups. According to the theory this is stage three when people want to be a part of a group and to be loved. At that point they chose to be a part of Jack's hunters or Ralph's boys. In the final stage a person learns to undertand himself and respect the rights of others. Jack was the leader of the choir and kept them obedient to his command. In Carl Jung's theories Jack is in touch with his shadow, which are the animal instincts of man. Jack put the boys in touch with their evil side. He manipulated the boys of his group with fear of the beast so that he could gain power. He convinced them that he was the one that could protect them from the beast. Jack was even willing to kill to keep his power. Piggy was the scapegoat on the island. At most times he was excluded by most of the boys. He seemed like the odd man out who wanted order and rules on the island. Piggy was an important figure because of his glasses. His glasses were needed to make fire. Fire was very useful on the island. Although important he was put down by the boys because he didn't fit in. The boys were rebellious to him because he acted like a parent. He told them what they should do but didn't have the authority to make them follow through on their jobs. Ralph was the responsible leader. He wanted to bring rules and order to the island. He lived by self respect and the respect for others; stage four of Maslow's theory. Ralph was logical in his decision making but the boys rebelled against him because of his orderly job related ideas on running the island. He wanted to keep the fire going and stay concerned about getting rescued. He set up systems for the work that needed to be done. By the end the boys had become war-like beasts trying to hunt down Ralph. Their society was in a state of war. They followed Jack's orders without any question. Is it possible that William Golding used this story to explain the psychology of what happened in Nazi Germany? The author was an officer in the Royal Navy in World War II. What happens on the island is similar to what happened in Nazi Germany. One person develops a dictatorship and exercises unlimited power. Ordinary people in Germany followed Hitler and lost their willingness to act responsibly as individuals. They were manipulated by fear and symbols just as Jack used the pig's head as his symbol. In this way the moral code of a whole society broke down. It shows that there is little separation between man and beast.

African dance music Essays

African dance music Essays African dance music Essay African dance music Essay Beautifully carved rosewood doumbek. They look and sound wonderful. Bolt tuned for easy adjustments. And the heads can easily be replaced if needed.Fun drum! Great bass snare drum. From Ghana, similar to Nigerian Djun Djuns. They are lightweight and made from a single piece of hardwood carved thin and headed with goatskin. Traditionally played in the same position as a talking drum, in the armpit, and comes with the traditional curved stick. The brekete has a rawhide or string snare on each head which can be pulled loose when not wanted. Typically the drum is covered with African cloth. The brekete can be very easily tuned by adjusting the leather tuning lace on each pair of main laces. Comes with shoulder strap and curved stick.3These drums are hand carved from solid logs of paduc wood in Eastern Nigeria. By leaving one wall of the log a little thicker when carving, they create two different tones on either side of the slit. This is traditionally a talking in strument, capable of transmitting messages by sound over long distances. In modern times, these log drums are used mostly for music. Each drum has a few sweet spots which produce especially nice tones. It is possible to get more tones by hitting the drums away from the sweet spots, also.Great sounding wood bongos. Nice, simple wood finish. Easily bolt tunable.Made from shea trees with gourd resonators, these are the real deal. Large instruments Perfect sound!4The shekere or Axatse rattle is a gourd covered in netting with seeds attached to rattle against the hard side of the gourd. The shekere often plays variations on the rhythm played by the bell.The cabasa is constructed using endless loops of steel bead chain wrapped around a specially textured stainless steel cylinder. Wooden flanges enclose the cylinder and a wooden handle is attached to the bottom. This instrument works well in a drum circle and is fairly robust. It was designed to create rhythmic scraping sounds and pattern s. The beads can be manipulated against the textured steel or the instrument can be spun or shaken for varying sounds.5Styles of Africa dance musicAnyako AtsiaThis popular circle dance from the Ewes of Anyako features songs about morality, community, character, and pride. The event is primarily social, and a chance for people to express themselves (and even flirt a bit) through dance song.Kpanlogo.A fairly recent (1940s?) highlife dance form. Dancing is high-spirited and the songs are fresh and lively. The drums are conga-like and played with hands.Sogba.Social dance music, probably heard more than any other style because it allows for relaxed social fellowship and song.6African dance rhythmsHighlifeDance music which originated in Ghana in the early twentieth century, a fusion of traditional rhythms and European influences, including military brass band music, church hymns, and sea shanties.JujuJuju music evolved from the traditional music of the Yoruba tribe combined with internat ional influences including Christian church hymns and Latin American rhythms. Modernized juju, which may include synthesizers, is called Yo-Pop.SoukousSoukous, a combination of Cuba rumba and Congolese rhythms, arose in the 1950s. It issometimes refered to as Lingala music as the lyrics were sung in Lingala, the interethnic trading language. The style became popular in London and Paris in the 1980s.

Sunshine essays

Sunshine essays Sunshine follows three generations of a Hungarian Jewish family, the Sonnenscheins (Sunshine) through three generations of men all played by the same person. It is narrated by the youngest of the three men who tells the story of his grandfather and father before he tells his own. The three generations dealt with the corruption and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Eventually leading to World War I, World War II, and Nazi concentration camps. In all three generations, it seems that the three men are all trying to do the same thing, to fit in and enjoy the glory of success, only to have to eventually face the consequences. It is a movie that really gives the viewers a sense of History and what it was like to live during this time in the Austro- Hungarian Empire. It was not easy for the Sonnenschein family during the rough times of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. At first we see the Sonnenschein as a wealthy middle class family. This is due to the fact that the family tonic(The taste of Sunshine) recipe saved from a fire earlier has given them great wealth. The three children grow up fairly reasonably considering what it could have been like for a Jewish family at that time. The characteristics of the family and their home demonstrate a wealthy middle class familys living style. A very nice luxurious apartment that is well-furnished and very bourgeoisie. They have servants or maids that clean and cook for them as well. They can enjoy the pleasures of life with out much to worry about. The sister takes on photography as a passion, and the two brothers study law. The youngest brother brings risk to the family by his outspoken socialist ways. After the government finds out about this they search the Sonnenscheins house. Its clear the government t ook no risk, if you were suspected of something, the government would not think twice to come and search your home an...

Organizational Behavior & Human Resource Management Coursework

Organizational Behavior & Human Resource Management - Coursework Example This would eventually boost the basis of the workplace sanity that the employees look forward to receiving in the coming times, and the manner under which proper procedures and codes are followed. What is important here is the fact that the team domains should be highlighted as they work towards bonding the employees more than anything else. The team effectiveness is manifested by a sense of doing things right for the sake of the organization and properly aligning them to achieve results that are deemed as attainable right from the very beginning. Therefore team effectiveness is directly dependent on how the team environment has come about within the workplace and how this will mean long term results for it. (ii) The organizational and team environments depend on the role of the top management as to how the same will manifest their incorporation. What is important is the fact that the team environment does bring about team effectiveness in the long range scheme of things. This is som ething that is seen as an important undertaking of the organizational and team environment domains because the employees’ undertakings are taken into account. ... The element of righteousness within the organizational and team environment would mean that the team effectiveness exists for all the correct reasons. This is much needed as it will help develop the organization as a whole and let it grow even further in the times to come. 2) Explain what can organizations do to increase the effectiveness of the financial rewards? (i) The organizations can increase the effectiveness of the financial rewards by telling the employees what it expects of them in the long run, and how they shall go about doing things the organizational way to achieve maximum success, both personally as well as professionally. This will ensure that the financial rewards are the drivers behind the organizational hard work and commitment shown by the employees. They will give in their best to achieve maximum mileage and value for the sake of the organizations that they work for and thus manifest their long term commitment with them in the sheer sense of the word. The effecti veness of the financial rewards can also be increased if there are proper procedures and codes behind these incentives in place. This shall tell the employees that they are being looked after well and that their work realms are being monitored in an adequate way. What this will eventually do is to build up trust and confidence in the employees that if they go out of their way and manifest hard work and devotion towards the work processes, tasks and actions, they will be given their due in terms of the financial rewards that have been decided by the organizations. (ii) The role of the organizations in increasing the effectiveness of the financial rewards is such that it wants to

The Impact of Afterschool Programs within California High Schools Research Paper

The Impact of Afterschool Programs within California High Schools - Research Paper Example This report declares that in the study of the impact of after school programs within California high schools, the variables were debate, church, track, football, baseball, basketball, swim team, lacrosse, soccer, karate, volleyball, tennis, cheerleading, gymnastics, dance, no after school activities, students’ academics and community involvement. Variables are the factors or elements which make up a given argument as they act on each other in various ways. They are the determinants of how a given phenomenon shall turn out to be. There are different types of variables. Generally speaking, there are the dependent variables and the independent variables. The independent variables are those which do not change regardless. This paper makes a conclusion that doctors and psychologists concur that indeed at the high school age, the students have a young body and brain all of which are growing at a very fast rate. There are very many changes that are taking place in the body of the students at this point in time and putting too much stress on them is a recipe for disaster. In this regard, considering the fact that the academic content in high schools is one of the toughest and nerve racking, it is very recommended that a way is devised for taking the stress away from the students. There is no better way than engaging the students in after school programs on a daily basis. It is a source of comfort that is effective in the restoration of sanity to the young minds of the high school students. In the study of the impact of after school programs within California high schools, the variables were debate, church, track, football, baseball, basketball, swim team, lacrosse, soccer, karate, volleyball, tennis, chee rleading, gymnastics, dance, no after school activities, students’ academics and community involvement. Variables are the factors or elements which make up a given argument as they act on each other in various ways. They are the determinants of how a given phenomenon shall turn out to be. There are different types of variables. Generally speaking, there are the dependent variables and the independent variables. The independent variables are those which do not change regardless. They are not affected by any other factors or variables. They are usually factors which are either permanent or are changed by supernatural factors. In this case, they are the students’ academics and community involvement which are always invariable. On the other hand, dependent variables are those which rely on other variables so as to act in a given fashion. They cannot stand on their own as changes which occur on other factors would alter them to behave

Problem of computer with students Research Paper

Problem of computer with students - Research Paper Example The following research has identified several major issues that student raise in regard to usage of computers and has briefly touched on their solutions. There is also evidence that these problems differ at times with gender and age. These problems need to be solved or mitigated for benefits of computers to be maximized in the learning process. Problems of Computers Introduction A computer is an electronic  device for processing information and performing calculations. It follows a program to perform sequences of mathematical and logical  operations. Computers are vital tools in learning. Because of this, many governmental and non-governmental institutions campaign for increased integration of computing into learning. Majority students also use computers since they make studying more efficient, easy and interactive. Even with verifiable benefits of computing in learning, there are various huddles associated with use of computers by students. These reduce efficiency of integrating technology in education. The following paper focuses on the various problem students encounter while using computers and some of their solution. Problems that students face in regard to using computers as a learning tool can be classified into two. These are barriers and negative effects of using computers. There are five major categories of barriers. These are: (1) Emotions and attitudes (2) Declining faculties (3) Financial costs (4) Unfamiliarity with technology (5) Age-unfriendly instruction (6) Lack of relevance/motivation The following two tables show the major barriers of female students in using computers. Table 1: Major barriers of female students in using Source: Survey Report by Palfrey, J. & Gasser, U. (2008) p 447-472. The following two tables show the major barriers of male students in using computers. Table 2: Major barriers of male students in using computers Source: Survey Report by Palfrey, J. & Gasser, U. (2008) p 447-472. Emotions and Attitudes Emotions and Atti tudes are most frequent barrier for female students and the second most frequent for male students. A substantial proportion of students do not have an in-depth history of computer usage. Female students express this as fears. Students expressed a number of fears that they felt limited their use of computers: fears of the machine, of the unknown, and of learning, as well as lack of self-confidence. Some female students feel that use of computers is a whole new thing. There is fear of networking wires and possibility of tampering with the machine. Female students fear that they might lose their work by pressing wrong keys or maybe damage the software system by performing certain unintentional commands. On the other hand, male students express this barrier as unknown void, anxiety and frustration, and lack of self-confidence. This barrier is quite common to students who do not have an in-depth history with usage of computers. A computer machine is perceived to be complicated and diffi cult to master its use in academic purposes by students (Montgomery, 2009).This limits the extent of comfort and reliance in computers in education. Declining Faculties Faculties can be said to be one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind or physical body. This problem is highly experienced by senior students who are 50 years and above. There are problems of lack of ability to concentrate, catch on quickly or to absorb information explained to them. This adversely affect what the students retain

Optimal Number Of Firms In The Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Optimal Number Of Firms In The Market - Essay Example Imagine if the world is consuming what has been given to them, the world is being operated on daily basis, such as a limited amount of food is prepared daily and in order to prevent the food from getting stale, people consume every unit of it, is it possible Of course there is no chance for such situation, so we have to consider even bigger policies for production and consumption, may be we can use the past records of what is the optimal level of production and consumption or at which particular level firms are having maximum profit and minimum loss. We now have to consider the importance of the circular flow or economic cycle, the market system heavily relies on the supply and demand to solve the three major arising problems that are What goods and services will be produced, it is determined by the daily purchasing decisions of the customers as keeping it on the yearly basis can be very risky, one can see that over the past few years the bird flue took place significantly, therefore we cannot rely on yearly basis as the behavior of consumers can change unpredictably. The second problem is How things or goods produced would be rated in terms of pricing, of course there is a competition everywhere, so the problem of differentiating the product arises. Taking the example of bird flue there are many other issues that are very common in every day life such as at times there is drastic change in the technological market, such as everyday a new computer technology replaces the old one which eventually results in greater competition and brand switching. The third issue is For whome things are produced, here the focus is obviously on consumers and their level of consumption, but supply and demand has a major role to play here. The immediate task the companies have to face is to determine the wages, land rents, interest rates and many factors related to everyday life, it is explained thoroughly later in this discussion. The circular flow is all based on the previously d iscussed three problems. What the flow intends to show is that all the money is constantly moving within a frame of a country, there are minor changes but over all the flow is constant until and unless some big change takes place such as war. The circular flow is all comprised of four things, those are product markets (prices are set by the markets keeping in view the scenario), Household markets (the buyer behavior which keeps on shifting but over all the money utilization and spending is unchangeable), the business sector (which pays the rents and wages to the people working, who are also at the same time are households) and the factor markets (which keep on changing the rents, wages, interests but over all the wealth remains within the country, if less rent for one person may be much higher for another person). Until and unless these problems would not be solved which of course cannot be solved the firms would find it impossible to be operated at an optimal level. "Dollar votes of households interact with business supply in the product markets at top, helping to determine what is produced.

Annotation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotation - Assignment Example An interesting verbatim quote from the article is â€Å"these seemingly innate feelings may help explain how quickly and easy rituals serve that purpose† (Lau 1). The article is very short. Lau merely reflects on the article’s findings and hypothetical framework while failing to explore the ways the researchers came to these conclusions after the research. The article should have discussed the change in theory before the experiment and after making the new findings. Instead, Lau presented an extension of the study’s abstract section, which is very succinct. Despite the shortness, the article covered all crucial aspects of the study. Lau compares the findings of the first study with a previous one concerning the same matter (Lau 1). This comparison brings the article up-to-date and clear. I found the study more interesting than the article itself. The sample used, research design, purpose, and reasoning of the study was compelling. Lau further cites resemblances between customs across traditions like hitting wood and spitting that the study’s researcher noted before the actual study. The article may be used for a piece of writing as a basis for an abstract idea concerning superstition amongst human beings and its role or purpose evolutionarily, socially, or psychologically. This type of support arises from the author’s inclusion of the follow-ups made by the researchers. The author says the relationship between the beliefs surrounding suspicious and random activities such as knocking on wood and tossing tennis balls have â€Å"a common underlying mechanism† (Lau 1). This quote expresses the author’s interest in the topic but insufficient understanding of the study being outlined. the author could have added two more comparisons with recent systematic findings to be thorough about the thesis and hypothetical framework. Instead,

Optimal Number Of Firms In The Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Optimal Number Of Firms In The Market - Essay Example Imagine if the world is consuming what has been given to them, the world is being operated on daily basis, such as a limited amount of food is prepared daily and in order to prevent the food from getting stale, people consume every unit of it, is it possible Of course there is no chance for such situation, so we have to consider even bigger policies for production and consumption, may be we can use the past records of what is the optimal level of production and consumption or at which particular level firms are having maximum profit and minimum loss. We now have to consider the importance of the circular flow or economic cycle, the market system heavily relies on the supply and demand to solve the three major arising problems that are What goods and services will be produced, it is determined by the daily purchasing decisions of the customers as keeping it on the yearly basis can be very risky, one can see that over the past few years the bird flue took place significantly, therefore we cannot rely on yearly basis as the behavior of consumers can change unpredictably. The second problem is How things or goods produced would be rated in terms of pricing, of course there is a competition everywhere, so the problem of differentiating the product arises. Taking the example of bird flue there are many other issues that are very common in every day life such as at times there is drastic change in the technological market, such as everyday a new computer technology replaces the old one which eventually results in greater competition and brand switching. The third issue is For whome things are produced, here the focus is obviously on consumers and their level of consumption, but supply and demand has a major role to play here. The immediate task the companies have to face is to determine the wages, land rents, interest rates and many factors related to everyday life, it is explained thoroughly later in this discussion. The circular flow is all based on the previously d iscussed three problems. What the flow intends to show is that all the money is constantly moving within a frame of a country, there are minor changes but over all the flow is constant until and unless some big change takes place such as war. The circular flow is all comprised of four things, those are product markets (prices are set by the markets keeping in view the scenario), Household markets (the buyer behavior which keeps on shifting but over all the money utilization and spending is unchangeable), the business sector (which pays the rents and wages to the people working, who are also at the same time are households) and the factor markets (which keep on changing the rents, wages, interests but over all the wealth remains within the country, if less rent for one person may be much higher for another person). Until and unless these problems would not be solved which of course cannot be solved the firms would find it impossible to be operated at an optimal level. "Dollar votes of households interact with business supply in the product markets at top, helping to determine what is produced.

Impact of Health Care Costs on service Delivery Essay

Impact of Health Care Costs on service Delivery - Essay Example Market forces have increased competition among health care providers, with greater scrutiny of services, accountability for outcomes and emphasis on patient satisfaction. Therefore health care facilities are becoming more service-oriented (Singh & Shi, 2004). It is stated by the National Coalition on Health Care (2007) that high health insurance premiums resulting in a greater number of uninsured people in the community financially affect health care providers and hospitals. Providing affordable health insurance to all Americans would alleviate substantial financial demands on health care facilities. Cooper (1994) observes that health care costs have compelled hospitals to employ new methods to monitor reduced costs and improve quality care and patient satisfaction. These efforts will increasingly expand to include outpatient and physician services. Hospitals will also be under increasing scrutiny by various public and regulatory agencies for their business ventures, hospital-physician relationships and mergers. While financial options will be increasingly limited, the aging of the population will put even greater demands on hospital service delivery, especially on long-term care. Although managed care with strict rationing brought with it concerns about medical errors and reduced services in the late 1990s, practically all U.S. hospitals have established continuous quality improvement programs in order to comply with standards: The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organisations (Wolper, 2004). Wilson & Porter-O’Grady (1999) state that the relationship between cost factors and quality indicators becomes very important to the viability of the health system. Continual cross-consultation and performance comparison activities will require much stronger, more accountable clinical relationships between providers, including physicians. A seamless organisational structure is required in which all the care workers including physicians will need to

Prison Reform Essay Example for Free

Prison Reform Essay Reform was a major issue in early 19th century America because it was a time when more middle-classed Americans were able to devote time to social causes and issues that they saw that concerned them. One of these important social movements was prison reform, and how men and women in prison were treated. In the early 1800’s the United States was regarded as having the best penal system in the world. This is why during the early 1800’s Alexis de Tocqueville was sent from France to the United States to study the penal system there. What he was coming here to study was how the system of prisons had been reformed already by Americans. Many individuals, in particular religious advocates who took up the cause of prison reform, had established themselves as the voice of prisoners. They felt that while prisoners needed to do time for their crimes and be punished accordingly, they also had the right to have good conditions within the prisons themselves. These people had a goal of creating prisons that were conducive to not only punishing individuals, but reforming them became an important part of their time in prison. These religious reformers felt that prisoners should be reformed to become good citizens and, if they never left jail, then at least they could be religious individuals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The successes of these reformers were that they did create a great amount of interest in reform. Many new prisons began to be built that would be more conducive to reforming prisoners. These successes were shortly lived, however, because sadly the prisons did not go up as quickly as the prisoners were going in and therefore old prisons that were not good conditions were still in use, and many prisoners still languished in them, in even worse conditions than before.

Mill And Taylor On Equality And Marriage Philosophy Essay

Mill And Taylor On Equality And Marriage Philosophy Essay John Stuart Mills The Subjection of Women is an argument in favor of political equality between the sexes. He claims that no society could hope to approach justice so long as half its people were in subjection and laments that women were deprived of freedom and dignity. In this paper we argue that the perfect equality between the sexes, which Mill calls for in the first paragraph of The Subjection, is vitiated by his views on the position of women in marriage and family. In section I, we show that perfect equality is consonant with his liberal philosophy in On Liberty. In section II, we show that his views on marriage and family make his equality imperfect. If Mills position on perfect equality is correct, and his liberal political philosophy argues that it is, then he drew the wrong consequences for marriage and family. In section III, we show that Harriet Taylor, in The Enfranchisement of Women, drew more egalitarian consequences for family life. I According to Mill happiness is the center of the moral life, the most desirable goal of human conduct. His utilitarian goal, the greatest happiness for the greatest number, cannot be realized apart from the greatest possible moral and intellectual advancement of the human race. Consequently, one of the principal purposes of social and political institutions is to develop human potential to the highest possible stage. Laws and social arrangements should connect the happiness of every individual with the common good. Education and public opinion, which form human character, should be used to establish individual happiness and thereby the good of all. In On Liberty, Mill presents a theory of human nature which stresses individuality and self-development as characteristic traits of a progressive individual, which is what a good society should foster. Individuals ought to derive their views from experience and develop them with reason; they should seek truth, not follow dogma. Only human beings can strive for truth and attain dignity, the ideal and mark of the progressive individual, who epitomizes the dignity of a thinking being, who seeks truth rationally and exercises conscious choice among alternatives, rather then blindly following custom or prejudice. It is such an autonomous individual who expresses individuality, creativity, originality, and self-developmentanything less than truth seeking makes one less than a human person. Machines can reproduce good copies, but this is not true of humans. An individual would not have personal worth if forced to copy a good model, for the notion of conscious choice between alternatives wou ld be lost. This is central to Mill: our ideas and our characters are the products of our own choice. Mills argument for civil and social liberty is firmly based on the notion of utility in the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being. (1) Mill uses man in the generic sense and is concerned throughout with the individual-the person, the human being, the citizen-irrespective of gender. In Chapter 3, he cites Wilhelm von Humbolts view that the end of manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦is the highest and most harmonious development of his powers to a complete and consistent whole. (2) and for this, freedom and variety of situation are necessary. Early in The Subjection Mill makes it clear that the existing relations between the sexes violate principles of freedom and justice. The principle of subordination of one sex to the other is wrong in itself, (3) and should be replaced by a principle of perfect equality. In Happiness, Freedom, and Justice Fred Berger claims that Mill does not advocate strict equality but rather that there is no basis for differential treatment. Instead, rewards and punishments should be apportioned according to desert. There may be areas where some will exercise power over others, but policy requires that competence be the basis for higher status. What this means is that the system of male domination over females violates a basic principle of justice because regard and advantage are based on birth, not merit or personal exertion. (4) Mill denounces the injustice of denying to women the equal moral right to choose their occupations: Would it be consistent with justice to refuse them their fair Share of honor and distinction, or to deny them the equal Moral right of all human beings to choose their own occupations (short of injury to others) according to their own preference, at their own risks? (5) His expanded utilitarianism stresses that the importance of the change toward sexual equality would benefit individuals and society. By implementing sexual equality, there would be a doubling of mental faculties available for the higher service of humanity. He puts the argument in terms of the waste involved in a society that refuses to use one half of the talent it possesses. It is not only freedom but also the opportunity to do something useful that is required for the development of individuals. Mills conception of the nature and needs of the individual human being emerges clearly: If there is anything vitally important to the happiness of human beings, it is that they should relish their habitual pursuitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Few persons are aware of the great amount of unhappiness producedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦by the feeling of wasted lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Every restraint on the freedom of conduct of any of their fellow human creaturesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦dries upà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the principal fountain of human happiness, and leaves the species less richà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in all that makes life valuable to the individual human being. (6) It is this idealistic conception of the nature and needs of the individual human being, and its integral relation to happiness, that is the ultimate justification of Mills argument against the unjust and arbitrary situation of the subjection of women. His conception of the individual is thus the ultimate justification of Mills case for sexual equality. This presupposes that women, as well as men, given better education and more opportunities, will flourish and be happy living a life in which they can freely and usefully exercise their talents. II Subjection is being under the power and control of another in a state of obedience and submissiveness. Mill argues that patriarchy, the subjection of women to men, is a theory unsupported by experience because no other principle has ever been tried. Patriarchy is not the result of fair experiment, trial, and refutation. (7) The adoption of a system of inequality was not the result of any deliberation or forethought but arose from the physical power of men over women. Mill contends that womens smaller degree of muscular strength renders them subject to the principle of force: in less advanced societies it is expressed as might makes right, (8) and in civilized cultures as paternalism. Paternalism is subtler since control by men is based on chivalry and generosity. Bribery and intimidation are used instead of brutality to secure obedience; deference and gratitude for protection render women economically and morally dependent on men. The law completes the intimidation with discriminatory statutes. Like other forms of slavery and domination, patriarchy serves the interests of the dominant. Only one could be king and only a few owned slaves, but every man could dominate women. Power is nice, especially over those closely tied to ones interests, and it is also gratifying when one has so little power over larg er social matters. (We may be powerless over the environment, the economy, or nuclear war, but at least we have some power-over women.) Women are in a peculiarly bad position since, unlike slaves and workers, they are more dispersed and isolated, which makes them more difficult to organize. Further, men want more than mere obedience; they want women to be happy in the process. (9) Not only is the superiority of patriarchy unsupported by experience, but the entire course of human progress provides evidence against a principle of inequality. In past societies people were born to roles, positions, and stations. The salient feature of modern societies is the idea that people should be free to employ their faculties and to choose their roles, positions, and stations. It is not that all processes are supposed to be equally good, or all persons to be equally qualified for everything; but that freedom of individual choice is now known to be the only thing which procures the adoption of the best processes, and throws each operation into the hands of those who are best qualified for it. (10) Even if women are, as a group, less strong than men, there are many exceptional and overlapping cases. Any sex-biased social policy that excluded women is an injustice to those who can perform the task. The subordination of women stands out as a glaring injustice in modern society, a breach of what has become a fundamental rule, a relic of an old-world of thought and practice. Since we have tried only the principle of domination, we cannot argue for it from comparative experience. For the same reason, that we have tried only domination, we cannot argue for it by appealing to the nature of women. Since we have not seen women in different social arrangements, we do not know what their nature is. What is now called the nature of women is an eminently artificial thing-the result of forced repression in some direction, unnatural stimulation in others. (11) Mill insists that nobody is in a position to know anything about womens nature because so far we have not seen anything that we could call natural; all we have seen is manifestations of the altogether understandable desire to conform to a stereotype. We do know a great deal more about psychology today but nowhere near enough to answer with certainty the questions of human nature. However, what we do know suggests that the differences that relate to political equality are largely socially conditioned. But suppose we discover the contrary, that women are fitted by nature for subordinate social roles. Could this be used as an argument to support social policies of domination? Such arguments, although surprisingly common, are incoherent. If women are fitted for those roles by nature, restrictive social policies are unnecessary. This is Mills coup de grace. What he argues for is a society without such restrictions, a society of perfect equality where every individual, regardless of sex, is free to choose his or her own role on the basis of individual talents and exertion. III Though Mill was overtly arguing for womens right to self-development and the assertion of their human capacities, their functions in the household remained unrevised in his thought: he advocates freedom of choice but favors the traditional division of labor within the family. It cannot be casually dismissed as an acceptable tension between advocacy of sexual equality in the area of civil rights for women, and simultaneously an implicit acceptance of traditional sex roles. Mill believes that women ought to have a choice of career or marriage but assumes that the majority of women are likely to continue to prefer marriage and that this choice is the equivalent of choosing a career. Unless equality extends to the family, however, Mills perfect equality between the sexes is limited. Although Mill urges that the shackles of custom be lifted from unmarried women and from women whose children have grown up and left home, he complacently relies on such custom to keep married women in their place. (12) The sex-based division of labor within marriage can be safely trusted to social opinion, which rightly directed will support it; women will by and large continue to prefer the one vocation to which there is no competition; and thus continue to perform those tasks which cannot be filled by others, orà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[which] others do not think worthy of acceptance. (13) If it is customary for women to be child-rearers, and if, on the basis of their nature, society assigns this role to women, then it seems that being born female does affect their opportunities and prescribes choices throughout a considerable part of their lives. Their education, for example, will be affected by this customary destiny. Hence, demands for sexual equality become problematic. Mill falls prey to the same argument from nature that he criticizes. Mill argues in favor of equal property rights for married women, rights to property inherited or earned by the woman herself, not rights to equal shares in family income. According to Mill, The rule is simple; whatever would be the husbands or wifes if they were not married, should be under their exclusive control during marriage. (14) Hence, the income of the male earner is his, as much after marriage as before; Mill does not seem to recognize that since womens work in the home is unpaid labor, their freedom of choice is severely restricted and equality becomes a sham. (15) Harriet Taylors Enfranchisement of Women takes a stronger stand: women must earn a living because if they do, their position in society and the family would improve significantly. (16) Mill agrees that married women must be able to support themselves, but he explicitly rejects the idea that they should actually do so because it is liable to lead to the neglect of the household and children. Consequently, Taylors view is more attuned to present day feminism than Mills. She recognizes, as he does not, the importance to women of continuous economic independence, both within the marriage and in case of its disintegration. The Enfranchisement is more radical and speaks more strongly than the Subjection in favor of the married womens need to have a life and career of their own and be more than a mere appendage of a man, attached to him for the purpose of bringing up his children and making his home pleasant. Liberals such as Mill proposed that each individual should be able to rise in society just as far as her or his talents permit, unhindered by restraints of law or custom. What qualities should count as talents and how they should be regarded is to be determined by the support of and demand for those talents within the market economy. In order to guarantee that the most genuinely talented individuals are identified, it is necessary to ensure that everyone has an equal opportunity to develop his or her talents. Women discover self-respect and equality of standing with men only if they earn an income. This seems much more important to a sound relationship between the sexes than mere economic improvement in the family. Mills timid assertion that women should draw self-respect from an ability to earn, of which in fact they make no use, when married is sentimental; Taylor is more aware of the realities of power. If women as wives will largely be confined to the small circle of family, they will find it hard to use their vote to protect their interests. Women will not be able to learn what their interests are without experience outside domestic life. For Mill it is unthinkable that men would want to manage their households and care for their children. Yet the jobs need doing. Since women who bear children and live in the household will have a natural interest in doing the job well, they will do a better job than uninterested hired hands. The solution, according to Mill, is to keep up the public opinion that teaches women that if they marry, they are freely choosing the duties of the family mistress. Mills defense of traditional sex roles within the family amounts to a denial of freedom of opportunity and individual expression of talents to the majority of women who he assumes would always choose to marry. Mill is aware that care of a household is an incessantly preoccupying duty, and that this is a major reason why, comparatively, women lack achievement in the arts and sciences; in fact, he condones the continuance of this barrier for most women. Mill refuses to concede that the tiresome details of domestic life should be shared by both sexes, and his failure to question the social institutions that make such sharing practically impossible is interesting because he recognizes that the principal means by which the world recognizes equals is by success in fields monopolized by men. The only way of dispelling prejudicial beliefs about womens inferiority is proof by examples. If a majority of women are going to remain practically, if not legally barred from such achievements, how wi ll deep-seated prejudices change? The Enfranchisement is both frank and clear about the claim that liberation will lead to greater happiness for women. Even if women in general do not experience frustration or feel that their position is intolerable, this cannot be used to argue for the status quo. Taylor claims, for example, that Asian women do not mind being in purdah and that they find the thought of going about freely shocking. However, this does not mean that they should not be liberated from seclusion, or that they would not appreciate freedom once they had it. Custom hardens people: it prompts them to adhere to situations by deadening that part of their nature that would resist it. How does the objector know that women do not desire equality and freedom? (17) It would be overly simple to suppose that if they do desire it, they would say so. Taylor claims their position is like that of the tenants or labourers who vote against their own political interests to please their landlords or employers; with the unique addition, that submission [for women] is inculcated in them from childhood, as the peculiar grace and attraction of their character. (18) Taylor is not committing the brutal political fallacy of discounting peoples expressed desires in favor of those they would have if their natural selves (according to the privileged ideology) had not been corrupted. (19) She is not suggesting that any restrictions be imposed; she is arguing that restrictions be lifted so that people can pursue and satisfy their desires. It is because of his assumptions and convictions about the family and its traditional role that Mills feminism falls short of advocating true equality and freedom for married women. Although he does reject the legalized inequalities of its patriarchal form, he regards the family itself as essential for humanity and assures his readers that the family has nothing to lose, but much to gain, from the complete political and civil equality of the sexes. Mill attempts to apply the principle of liberalism to women. He eschews patriarchy within the family and views the legal and political subordination of women as anachronisms in the modern age, a gross violations of liberty and justice. However, although Mill is a forward-looking feminist in many ways, he fails to perceive the injustice involved in situations and practices which allow a man to have a career and economic independence, and a home life and children, but which force women to choose between the two. It is Mills failure to questi on the traditional family and its demands on women which limits his liberal feminism. Mill thought equalizing access to the vote, to property, to education, and to public occupations was enough, but he underestimated the importance of economic power, as well as revisions of the roles in the family. Merely providing more equal opportunities for women outside the family would not suffice, without revision of the underlying structures-both private and public-that reinforced and perpetuated the very subjection of women that the essay was denouncing. In the Subjection Mill is genuinely concerned about the harm caused by men to women behind the closed doors of the family home. The government could act, not to restrict the behavior of individuals, but to promote the development of progressive individuality. If one takes liberty seriously, however, state intervention may well be required to secure its conditions. This would be a matter of justice, for it would be wrong to deprive women of the necessary conditions of freedom, of independence, of equal opportunity. Genuine equality of opportunity requires radical change in the way women are raised and educated and in social opinion about their proper place. If women are to have equal freedom of opportunity, they cannot be channeled by education, public opinion, and the economic structure into the belief that they have but one useful vocation in life-dutiful mother and obedient wife. We must instead restructure our social institutions for the free development of originality in women as well as in men. It may seem a bit unfair to criticize Mill. He wrote the Subjection over a hundred years ago and his views and personal behavior were far in advance of his time. He also made it poignantly clear in his Autobiography that his intellectual debt to both his wife and daughter was great. But in the Enfranchisement Taylor shows that she was aware of the shortcomings: with respect to the place of women in marriage and the family Mill held views far less liberal than what follows from his general political position. Feminists have ranged far into biology and psychology, history and anthropology, religion and literature. They have offered a myriad of alternative lifestyles and social systems. But with the exception of his discussion on marriage and the family, no one has articulated the fundamental feminist case as clearly or argued it as well as John Stuart Mill: The object of this Essay is to explain as clearly as I am able, the grounds of an opinion which I have held from the very earliest period when I formed any opinions at all on social or political matters, and which, instead of being weakened or modified, had been constantly growing stronger by the progress of reflection and the experience of life: That the principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes-the legal subordination of one sex to the other-is wrong in itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement; and that it ought to be replaced by a principle of perfect equality, admitting no power or privilege on the one side, nor disability on the other. (20) [Emphasis added.] Lynn Gordon and David Louzecky University of Wisconsin Colleges NOTES Mill. On Liberty, 70. In On Rawls On Mill On Liberty and so on, Marcus Singer claims that the views presented in On Liberty are so strongly influenced by Harriet Taylor that they are fundamentally different from Mills own views in Utilitarianism. This is an interesting idea that we would like to pursue at another time. In the Subjection, also influenced by Taylor, Mill often appeals to justice in ways that seem to be uncharacteristic of utilitarianism. Fred Berger also discussed this point at some length in Happiness, Freedom, and Justice. Nevertheless, Mill moved some distance from Bentham and, in Chapter V of Utilitarianism, did account for justice in terms of utility. As he says, he is appealing to utility in the largest sense. Still, the question remains whether utilitarianism can justify absolute equality between the sexes in all circumstances-which is what justice would require. Mill, On Liberty, 121. Mill, Subjection, 1. Berger, 197. Mill, Subjection, 77. Mill, Subjection, 186. Mill, Subjection, 8. Mill, Subjection, 10-17; Taylor, 12-13. Mill, Subjection, 26. Mill, Subjection, 32. Mill, Subjection, 38. For Mill, the actual position of married women in his day resembled that of slaves in several ways: the economic and social system gave women little alternative to marriage; once married, the legal personality of women was subsumed in that of their husbands and the abuses of human dignity permitted by custom and law within the marriage were egregious. Mill, Subjection, 172. Mill, Subjection, 86. Goldstein, 319-34. We have referred to Harriet Taylor as the author of Enfranchisement of Women, although it was first published anonymously (see page iii, New Introduction in Mills Subjection, Virago Press). Although there is some uncertainty about who the author is, in the introduction to the Subjection Mill says it is Harriet Taylors work. However, we do not wish here to engage in a complicated debate about the extent of Taylors contribution of Mills work. Taylor, 19. Taylor, 39. Taylor, 40. Mill, Subjection, 1.

Asthma Essay -- Science Scientific Research Essays

Asthma Breathing is a vital process for every human. Normal breathing is practically effortless for most people, but those with asthma face a great challenge. During an asthma attack, breathing is hampered, making it difficult or even impossible for air to flow through the lungs. Asthma is an increasingly common problem, and has become the most common chronic childhood disease. At least 17 million Americans suffer from it(1), and although it can be fatal, it is usually not that severe(4). There is no cure for asthma, but with proper care, it can usually be controlled. As someone with Exercise Induced Asthma, I have personal experience with the topic. I have experienced most of the symptoms described in my research, tried many of the medicines, and have my asthma under control. This essay will first discuss the normal function of the lungs, and then proceed to explain how this is effected by asthma. The causes of the disease and the ways of controlling it will follow. Normal breathing is controlled by the lungs and the chest cavity. Airways are tubes with muscle that contracts and relaxes wrapped around them, and this accounts for the motion of the chest that is associated with breathing. The diaphragm, which is located underneath the rib cage, along with the intercostal muscles, or those in between the ribs, control the movement of the chest cavity(6). When these muscles contract, the chest expands, which lowers the pressure inside the lungs. Since air moves naturally from high to low pressure, the lungs are automatically inflated. In order to exhale, the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax, causing the chest cavity to become smaller. The decrease in volume causes the pressure in the lungs to go... ...pl/display.cfm?id=2⊂=32#1 4)Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Online,Taking Control http://allergy.mcg.edu/patients/control.htm 5)Children's Medical Center of UVA, How Attacks Happen http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/pediatrics/patients/tutorials/asthma/whydoes.htm 6)Marshall Brain's How Stuff Works Site, Lungs http://www.howstuffworks.com/lung1.htm 7) Marshall Brain's How Stuff Works Site , Lungs Continued http://www.howstuffworks.com/lung2.htm 8)American Lung Association, Five Asthma Medication Groups http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=22542 9)National Jewish Medical and Research Center , Exercise Induced Asthma http://www.nationaljewish.org/error.aspx?type=404 10) Children’s Medical Center of UVA , Treating Asthma http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/pediatrics/patients/tutorials/asthma/treat.htm

Video recording act 1984 :: essays papers

Video recording act 1984 History As more and more people in the UK started to rent and buy videos for home use, it was thought that some kind of act should be passed that protected the public’s intrest. The video recordings act was brought in to prevent people from making videos of offensive nature (to some people) and then selling that footage to people who are deemed not suitable to see the footage (under aged) or people who are unaware of the nature of the video. In 1984 the act was passed through parliament and the BBFC (British Board Of Film Censorship) was designated to make sure that videos that are offered for sale or hire in the UK have the correct certificate. It was felt that videos needed to have a stricter rating system than cinema films as they could easily be obtained by under aged persons. The act does not really concentrate on the welfare of animals, but does stop films being made which depict scenes of cruelty, sexual (human/animal) intercourse/activities and mutilation. This act does work in relation with other acts that does protect animals, such as the Protection Of Animals Act 1911, Criminal Justice & Public Order and The Performing Animals (regulation) Act 192 5. Act Requirements & Aims: The act affects anyone who wishes to sell or hire videos for home, public use. The act may also effects people who have unlicensed videos for home use (extreme cases) The video recordings act states that: 1) Videos must be classified by designated authority (The president or vice president of the BBFC). That the certificate must reflect the video's suitability for home use. 2) Videos Must Not Contain Graphic Footage of – Â · Torture to humans or animals. Â · Explicit sexual acts between humans or human/animal. Â · Cruelty of animals (as stated in the Protection of Animals Act 1911). Â · Extreme violence to animals or people (particularly children and women). Â · Enjoyment from sexual assaults (human or animal). Â · Scenes that would cause great distress to Animals. These are the main points that effect animals, the rest of the act talks about the classification of the videos and footage in relation to people. 3) That it is an offence to sell such videos to any one under the certificate age. Videos are still allowed to show mild cruelty (depending in what context), for example when they hurl the cow out of the castle in Monty pythons quest for the Holy Grail (15 cert).

Ampalaya Cupcake

INTRODUCTION Cupcake is considered to be one of the best and popular desserts in the world. It was then introduced in the United States in the 19th century, and it was revolutionary because of the amount of time it saved in the kitchen. The name of the cupcake originated from the two theories: the cakes were originally cooked in cups and the other one the ingredients used to make the cupcakes were measured out by cups (Food Timeline Web).On the early part, cupcakes were called â€Å"number† cakes, for reasons that they were easy to remember by the measurements of ingredients it took to create them but today cupcakes have expanded to a wide variety of ingredients, measurements, shapes and decorations. Cupcakes were convenient because they cooked much quicker than larger cakes. When baking was down in hearth ovens, it would consume a lot of time to bake a cake, and the final product would often be burned. Since their creation in 20th century, cupcakes have become a pop culture t rend in the culinary world.They have spawned dozens of bakeries, devoted entirely to cupcakes that have popped up all over the country, and not just in metropolitan cities. Chefs and bakers publish books with decorating tips and fancy ideas for ingredients to use in cupcake. Food magazines publish special issues with full-color photography and recipes submitted all over the country. Blogs are also updated every day with cupcake news and recipes Due to this phenomenon the BBS Corporation decided to innovate the cupcake to have twists not only with its taste but also with its nutritional value content as well.Ampalaya will be our main ingredient. Ampalaya or Bitter Melon/Bitter Gourd is a vegetable that grows in Asia, the Caribbean, East Africa and South America. People eat it as a food as well as use it for medicinal purposes to help treat conditions including diabetes, cancer and viral infections. Bitter melon affects certain hormones, including insulin and leptin. Due to its bitter taste many people don’t like to eat Amplaya even though it is healthy. As a result of this, The BBS Corporation decided to put different flavors of fruit jam such as strawberry, banana and mango jam as our minor ingredients, with this many lients will be interested on ordering our product and will be at the same time enjoying and benefited on the convenience of eating our Ampalaya Cupcake. Thus, our clients will be more health conscious and will not hesitate to consume vegetable and pastry that are getting rid off before. With this the BBS Corporation with one of its vision is to always exceed expectation and become the best in Class by making things happen and getting things done. BITTER BETTER SWEET CORPORATION MISSION-VISION MISSIONThe BBS Corporation aims that it will always exceed expectation and become the best in Class by making things happen and getting things done. VISION To be the leading and preferred manufacturer and distributor of Cupcakes in the Philippines tha t would furnish customer's desire for a new unique flavor and taste by consistently serving a unique best tasting, high quality cupcake through fast, efficient and friendly service in a clean, fun and wholesome environment. We seek to promote high quality made products with affordable price adding great taste and health benefits in oneType of Business The Bitter Better Sweet Corporation started in motion with a set of persons who loves to produce new kinds of product related in baking. The six individuals organized to be incorporated and create new invention that is new and fresh to the tastes of every individual. The proponents create its name to make it more catchy and appealing to our customers. The Bitter, symbolizes and defines the characteristic and taste of Ampalaya (Bitter melon/ Bitter Ground) while the Better, defines the health benefits of eating our product.Sweets, represent the chocolate that we will use in the top coat of the cupcake. To the core of passion in baking t he group decided to formulate a brilliant innovation on the conventional cupcake, in line with that the proponents came up with a twist on the product by making the ordinary cupcake became as a Ampalaya Cupcake (Bitter melon Cupcake). Offering this cupcake to our target market it shall integrate the interpretation of every individual that Ampalaya (Bittermelon) is very hard to eat since it has a bitter taste.The proponent has confidence that this kind of product will not be pleasing and appetizing nevertheless it will also have healthy components that will add to its uniqueness and quality prospectively ahead of the rest. Being the first one to discover this kind of product is very enchanting to everyone; the proponents pursue to their plan to start a business and prepare themselves for any risk that they will face on the succeeding years of their business.Through this basis the proponents have the idea to begin a new creation of the BBS Corporation first product, the Ampalaya (Bitt er melon) flavored cupcake that can be competitive enough to the local and global industry. Management Highlights The Management Highlights of BBS Corporation is classified into different departments and these are Administrative, Finance, Marketing, and Production in order to be specifying appropriate and needed skills and information. This will help the corporation work faster, easier, more efficient, and at the same time more productive as each of the department is varied according to their expertise.It will also highlight the make use of the best raw materials that we will purchase from all of our suppliers which have selected under the close supervision of quality control and lowest cost that will be delivered immediately to the different target areas and target market such as the restaurants and cafeteria around the Metro Manila to be specific in Murphy, Cubao in order to keep our product fresh and healthy. Marketing Highlights One of the most important elements of any business is advertising and marketing. Today many businesses fail because they were poorly marketed than for any other reason.The most important element marketing for BBS Corporation shall be its location in the sense that the target market will go by and test the product that we offer for them. The proponents will come up with different strategies such as product, price, distribution and promotion of the product that will surely attract our target market. The proponent can easily attract our target market by advertising on the different types of promotions such as billboards, flyers, posters, social networking sites Financial HighlightsThe Financial Highlights of BBS Corporation shall be responsible on taking care of all financial transactions from the raw materials being used up to the overall operational expenses. The initial capital of BBS Corporation will have the total of ? 2,400,000. 00 the amount shall determine the cost of building up the new business with acquisition of all the ne cessary equipments, machineries, tangible and intangible and other supplies needed for the operation of the business. NAME OF PARTNER| TYPE| CAPITAL| SHARE| Leocadio, Vanessa| Incorporator| ? 480,000. 00| 20% share| Lopez, Ceriena| Incorporator| ? 80,000. 00| 20% share| Lotivo,Raiza Jane| Incorporator| ? 480,000. 00| 20% share| Malana, Charmaine| Incorporator| ? 480,000. 00| 20% share| Mariano, Paula Bianca| Incorporator| ? 480,000. 00| 20% share| TOTAL| ? 2,400,000. 00| 100% shares| Socio-Economic Contribution The BBS Corporation will focus on charity events, environment protection and employment. The corporation will support at least two charity events annually by giving them cash donations amounting of P50, 000. 00. This will be the company’s own way of giving back to the community as the company grows.The charity events that the company will sponsored will be tourism events related. At the same time the charity events at the same time will return help to the company by ma king our product familiar to other potential clients or customers. As environment-friendly company, the company makes sure that proper disposal garbage whether it’s in the production or in the office, will be strictly monitored and supervised by the assigned personnel but also by all the employees working for the company as well as all the incorporators and visitors or guests.The proponents will conduct and endow employment and hiring of more workers that are residing in Murphy, Cubao for the company will be provided as the company grows. A. PRODUCT / SERVICE TO SELL I. Benefits, Features and Advantages The company offers cupcakes that are made up of Ampalaya (bitter melon) which, as we all know, have many health benefits. Fillings are added within these cupcakes which a customer can choose between banana, cheese, mango ; strawberry jam. The company has its own uniqueness in order to make our product marketable and more appealing compared to its competitors. Therefore, BBS Co . rovided a list mainly concerned about the Benefits, Advantages and Features of the product. BENEFITS| ADVANTAGES| FEATURES| BBS cupcakes state that it is healthy because of its incorporation of Ampalaya, which is widely recognized as alternative medicine. BBS cupcakes used dark chocolate in the cupcake for low sugar content. The sugar used will later be turned to energy for the body needs. BBS cupcakes used the Strawberry Jam, a very low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium. It is also a good source of Vitamin C. BBS Cupcakes Used The Banana Jam which majority of the people knows that it is rich in calories, but very low in fats.It contains good amount of health benefiting anti-oxidants, minerals, and vitamins. Lastly is the Mango Jam which is very low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium. It is also a good source of Dietary Fiber and Vitamin B6, and a very good source of Vitamin A and Vitamin C. | The cupcake is the first Ampalaya incorporated cupcake. Providing a unique and new product for clients. BBS cupcakes have health benefits compared to other cupcake brands. BBS cupcakes are appealing for health-conscious people, particularly diabetic. BBS cupcakes have cheaper price with the use of fresh ingredients.The cupcakes are filled with fruit jams that contain nutrients that are essential for the body. | BBS cupcakes provide a new taste because of Ampalaya, without the bitterness. BBS cupcakes can be served as a good dessert for a meal. BBS cupcakes state that it is a healthy product, which provide customers’ cravings and new desires. The products are filled with fruit jams in strawberry, banana and mango which goes well with the Ampalaya cupcake. | TARGET MARKET II. Area Coverage 1. Market Description Cupcakes are no longer just the domain of the school bake sale.Cupcakes are now perfect for all occasions or even without occasion, everyone can have it. Other shops now even offer cupcakes just for pets. With creative designs and delicious fla vors, the dessert is a chic addition to cafes, hotels, restaurants, tea shops and the bakery section of the local grocery store. Made with a few basic ingredients, cupcakes can be made on the cheap and sold at a high margin. With this, the group decided to choose the said product to be sold in Cubao where it is so populated. Big number of people in an area means more demand for food, and this big demand means a greater chance of making sales.The product gives a new twist to every cupcake in the industry which makes it marketable and the bakery in Cubao is very accessible and strategic. By this, we can earn profit in a fast pace and be known around the Metro Manila very quickly. 2. Target Market Profile GENERAL MARKET| PEOPLE/BUSINESS INVOLVED| DESCRIPTION| Middlemen| Sales managers, Purchasing managers, Officers/individuals, Sales Representatives. | . Negotiation will have much less hassle with their help for they can make sure that the buyer of product will get quality products tha t BBS Co. produces. Clients| Direct Sell to Cafes, Tea shops, Hotels, Restaurants and other members of the industry said. | BBS Co. will give attention and will be hands-on in direct selling transactions to these clients. | Direct Consumers| People who will buy from clients. (E. g. students, locals, cupcake lovers)| These people will play a main role in consuming and demanding the product from BBS Co. clients. | III. Consumer / Customer 3. Consumer Buying Behavior Cupcakes offer the taste of a regular-sized cake or pastry in a convenient, portable form and are less expensive, which makes them even more desirable to consumers.They are the new trend in the industry today, especially those in style. But it is said that not all cupcakes are healthy. With these statements, it just says that people have their reason for buying unhealthy cupcake products. The cupcake  trend sweeping retail and in-store bakeries has extended its reach to supermarket shelves. Cupcakes' popularity grew with help from the show  Sex and the City  where the lead characters ate cupcakes at Manhattan's upscale Magnolia Bakery. Before long, cupcake towers began replacing traditional wedding cakes and birthday cakes. Cupcakes are also great for kids because they don’t have to share.Surprisingly, it became one of the reasons of childhood obesity. This was carefully considered by the proponents of this project. They made and formulated a cupcake with a twist of bitter melon which regulates blood and sugar level. The cupcake is affordable, accessible and carefully devised to favor the cravings of the demand and the taste wouldn’t what you think of as a bitter cupcake, well it is not. It is also in a stylish form and could be customized with our consideration if a customer wishes to. This will help to market the product in the target market.To get on with those rival companies, the idea was conceptualized to make the product more appealing and crave-getter. The cupcakes, which are tasty and affordable, are also healthy. Real and fresh bitter melon will be included in the cupcakes so that they will not be just yummy, but also health-wise. The proponents of the study considered such factors to assume how the clients and customers will react to the competitiveness of the product. Cafes like Twinsiescafe in Oregon ; Buttercream coffee and cupcakes in Florida made a cupcake much more than just another sweet treat,  but to be honest, they want to make it a life style.They offer gourmet cupcakes to any variety of cupcakes that goes along well with coffee, making them potential for customers. They want customers and friends can enjoy delicious and fresh cupcakes that compliment with their coffees. That is why cafes are one of our possible clients. Tea Shops, one particular example is Moon Leaf which offers cupcakes as their compliment for their teas. Well, the product that our corporation offers is a healthy one which will be considered to tea shops who prefers a healthy lifestyle for their customers and clients.Just like cafes, the great factor is that buyers want to get quality food and beverage at a reasonable price. In restaurants, a complete meal may come up with cupcake as their dessert. The common desserts are ice cream, fruits, brownies and other confectionery products. Since cupcake fit in this industry, the proponents made restaurants as possible market for the bitter melon cupcakes of BBS Co. The restaurants that will be supplied with the product will then offer them as a dessert or separate product to be sold in their company.The customers in restaurants are primarily not sensitive to price so it will not be a reason to hesitate to the affordable cupcake that is offered. The reason that the proponents chose hotels as a client is that most of them today offer a wide variety of goods as their complimentary product. Those products can also be received by the customers as an appreciation or gift for their stay in such hotels. Sinc e our product is affordable, it would not be a hassle for a hotel company to decide and use them as a premium item or sell them in their restaurant inside the hotel as dessert or separate item.Lastly, small bakeries are considered as client since other bakeries get their product from their suppliers. BBS cupcakes are appealing and affordable which will make the customers want to buy these products. We will target those bakeries that start as a home-based bakery and grow from there. The benefit to this, of course, is low overhead. All those mentioned above are just considerations of what is observed in the customers and their company behavior. The proponents of BBS Co. will make them clients and be considerate of the profitability in managing the operation.To the customers considering their behaviors, the strategic and accessibility should be maintained to make it marketable. B. DEMAND AND SUPPLY ANALYSIS | Historical| Projected| YEAR| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| 2012| 2013| 2014| 2015| 2016| 2017| Demand| 3. 7M| 3. 9M| 4M| 3. 6M| 4M| 3. 4M| 3. 3M| 3. 5M| 4M| 3. 2M| Supply| 3. 2M| 3. 5M| 3. 9M| 3. 5M| 4M| 3. 25M| 3. 2M| 3. 45M| 3. 95M| 3. 15M| GAP| 500k| 400k| 100k| 100k| 0| 150k| 100k| 50k| 50k| 50k| Source:http://www. ibisworld. com/industry/global/philippine-bakery-goods-manufacturing. html IV. Historical Demand (Five Years)The proponents have conducted a research about demand for pastries, particularly, cakes and cupcakes. These products are bought every day, especially on occasions and events. Demand for baked and pastry goods is being driven by changing lifestyles. Busy consumers are increasingly quick to buy convenient baked snack foods such as wraps and sandwiches. The global baked goods market has shown rapid recovery following the economic recession, recording strong growth over recent years. Consumers are now willing to spend moderately and demand high quality for their money, an equation for which retail bakeries are a solution.V. Projected Demand (Five Years) Product innovation and healthier products and ingredients are fuelling buyer growth in this industry. Emerging markets represent good market potential as western lifestyles and eating habits continue to be adopted in these regions. During these five years, cupcake companies will have a larger number until it is hard to enter and make this business profitable. This will increase competition for cupcake companies and will result to innovation after innovation and up-down demand because of instability of whom the consumers will buy their products. VI.Historical supply (Five Years) Different small cupcake companies have opened, including suppliers and direct-sellers. The total market size for the Retail and Wholesale Bakeries industry includes supply on all companies. The ‘Great Cupcake Rush of ‘09’, from coast to coast, over the past year the United States has been described as an almost inexplicable spread of cupcakeries around the world. This led the whole world to make cupcake as a business, particularly Asia which includes Philippines. Bakeries can be affected by price swings of the raw inputs. VII. Projected Supply (Five Years)It is predicted that the big growth of cupcake industry will end up on stability of its supply. Growth within the cake decoration stores industry is expected to slow to 3. 7 percent annually over the next five years, according to an October 2011. Smaller number of the said industry will enter this business due to big number of competitors. This forecast represents a dip from the growth that the industry was predicted to have enjoyed during the past five years. VIII. Demand Gap (Five Years) The demand gap shows the difference between supply and demand products.The ability to the market the product are determined by the interaction of supply and demand. C. MARKET RESEARCH IX. Procedure in Conducting Market Research The researchers devised questionnaires that would help in the study for the product in diligently manipulating the market research. These were distributed to available coffee shops, restaurants, bakeries, hotels and tea shops then tallied the results after producing the complete market research. X. Respondents Profile The researchers conveyed the survey on available coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, tea shops or even other small bakeries within Metro Manila Area.XI. Survey Results and Analysis Questionnaires are distributed to complete the market study. Questions are made up of answers that can help in developing the conclusion to the research. Some questions show facts that would answer problems of research that is being finished. SURVEY QUESTIONNARE Name (optional): ___________________________________________ Position: _______________________________ Age: ____________ Company: ________________________________________________ Directions: Do answer the following questions by encircling your best choice. 1. Does your business willing to sell cupcakes particularly made up of Amp alaya, also called as bitter melon? a. Yesb. No 2. ) Have you already chosen supplier for cupcakes? a. Yesb. No 3. ) What quality are you looking to purchase cupcakes from a supplier? a. Tastec. Aesthetic b. Price d. Others (Pls. specify) _______________ 4. ) Approximately, how much are you are you willing to spend to purchase cupcakes from your supplier per month? a. ? 10,000 – 20,000 b. ? 21,000 – 30,000 c. ?31,000 – 40,000 d. Others (Pls. specify) _______________________ 5. What do you prefer for your mode of post payment? a. 15 daysc. 45 days b. 30 daysd. Others (Pls. specify) _______________ 6. ) If possible, do you want our company to be your supplier for these healthy cupcakes? a. Yesb. No (Why? ) _______________________ 7. ) Personally, how many times in the last month have you purchased cupcake per month? a. 1c. 3 b. 5d. Others (Pls. specify) _______________ The following data shows the result of the survey. GRAPHS QUESTION No. 1: Does your business wil ling to sell cupcakes particularly made up of Ampalaya, also called as bitter melon?On Figure 1. 0 shows that 96% are willing to sell Ampalaya cupcake and the remaining 4% refused to sell cupcakes due to managerial reasons. This explain that majority of the respondents are willing to sell Ampalaya Cupcake to the market. QUESTION No. 2: Have you chosen supplier for cupcakes? Figure 2. 0 Number of respondents that already chosen a cupcake supplier On Figure 2. 0 shows that 92% of the respondents have not chosen their supplier it is either they do not have their cupcakes to sell so they have no supplier and others make their own pastries.Only 8% have their supplier. QUESTION No. 3: What quality are you looking to purchase cupcakes from a supplier? Figure 3. 0 Qualities that the Respondents look for in a Cupcake Supplier On Figure 3. 0 shows that most of the respondents refer to the taste of the cupcake which is in 58%, 28% give importance to the price, 8% for the appearance or aestheti c and 6% for other reasons such as location of supplier and quality of the product. QUESTION No. 4: Approximately, How much are you willing to spend to purchase cupcakes from your supplier per month? Figure 4. Price Competitiveness On Figure 4. 0 shows that 46% of the respondents are willing to spend ? 10,000-? 20,000 for purchasing cupcakes per month. While 28% of the respondents are willing to spend ? 21,000- 30,000, as 10% for 31,000 to 40,000 and 16% for other price which all refers to smaller amount among the choices. QUESTION No. 5: What do you prefer for your mode of post payment? Figure 5. 0 Mode of Post Payment On Figure 5. 0 shows that most of the respondents prefer to pay the moment they get the cupcakes they will buy from their supplier which is 46%. 6% prefer 15 -day credit payment and 12% for 30 days. QUESTION No. 6: If possible, Do you want our corporation (BBS Co. ) to be your supplier for these healthy cupcakes? Figure 6. 0 Interest Rate of supplying the product On Figure 6. 0 shows that 96% of the respondents are open to make BBS Co. as their supplier for Amplaya Cupcake while 4% are not open due to they already have a supplier and they don’t want to have a supplier. QUESTION NO. 7: Personally, How many times in the last month have you purchased cupcake per month? Figure 7. 0 Number of Times Purchasing a CupcakeOn Figure 7. 0 shows that as an individual the respondents purchase cupcakes every month. 44% of the respondents said that they buy cupcakes probably 5 times every month, 28% said that the quantity they buy varies every month, 20% said 3 times a month and 8% buy once either in a box/pack or per piece. D. PROJECTED SALES XII. Per Month in a Year SALES PLAN FORECAST for 2013| Ampalaya Cupcake’s Fillings| Month| Ampalaya-Banana Cupcake| Ampalaya- Cheese Cupcake| Ampalaya Mango Cupcake| Ampalaya- Strawberry- Cupcake| Monthly Units| January| 9,380| 9,380| 9,380| 9,380| 37,520|February| 8,954| 8,955| 8,954| 8,955| 35,818| March | 8,440| 8,440| 8,440| 8,440| 33,760| April| 6,500| 6,500| 6,500| 6,500| 26,000| May| 6,000| 6,000| 6,000| 6,000| 24,000| June| 8,693| 8,693| 8,693| 8,693| 34,772| July| 8,440| 8,440| 8,440| 8,440| 33,760| August| 6,495| 6,495| 6,495| 6,495| 25,980| September| 7,160| 7,160| 7,160| 7,160| 28,640| October| 7,155| 7,155| 7,155| 7,155| 28,620| November| 7,690| 7,690| 7,690| 7,690| 30,760| December| 8,635| 8,635| 8,635| 8,635| 34,540| Annual Units| 93,542| 93,543| 93,542| 93,543| 374,170| Packages Sales Plan for 2013|Product| Ampalaya-Banana Cupcake| Ampalaya- Cheese Cupcake| Ampalaya Mango Cupcake| Ampalaya- Strawberry- Cupcake| Annual Units (Box)| Box of 1| 46,802 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,803 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,802 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,803 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 187,210 boxes/pieces cupcakes| Box of 6| 7,790 boxes(46,740 pieces cupcakes)| 7,790 boxes(46,740 pieces cupcakes)| 7,790 boxes(46,740 pieces cupcakes)| 7,790 boxes(46,740 pieces cupcakes)| 31,160 boxes (186,960 pieces cupcakes)| Total| 54,592 boxes| 54,593 boxes| 54,592 boxes| 54,593 boxes| 218,370 boxes| XIII. In Volume and In PesosThe Sales Plan Forecast for 2013 table shown in Page 17 shows that BBS Co. will keep its product profitable by making the gap between produced and sold cupcakes very small. The cupcakes will be sold for Php44. 00 per piece to our clients. It will give Php39. 00 profit per cupcake. The suggested selling price for their customers will be Php54. 00, giving them a profit of Php10. 00 per cupcake, thus, making the product appealing for the clients because of the profit. They could also sell it for higher price. This graph shows the total sales of BBS Co. in its Ampalaya cupcake in a year.E. MARKETING PROGRAM / STRATEGIES XIV. Practices of Competitors Direct Competitors Cupcakes by Sonja and Blushing cupcakes are identified independent suppliers of cupcakes in different shops and hotels. They are not that well-known like Lemon Square and Sweet Lorraine Bakeshop whic h sell their cupcakes in shops but they have number of places where they deliver their cupcakes, they also sell it from their manufacturing place in pieces or bulks and wholesale. First is Cupcakes by Sonja, Cupcakes by Sonja 1CO3 G/F Serendra Fort Bonifacio Global City Taguig, Metro Manila 632. 915. 2936 32. 856. 0308 [email  protected] com [email  protected] com Cupcakes by Sonja is the first bakeshop in manila to specialize exclusively in cupcakes. They supply cupcakes in restaurants like OpenRice Restaurants. Designed to stir nostalgia among visitors. They only sell cupcakes upon request and with minimum of 12 cupcakes per order. In this bakery, the kitchen runs 24/7 to ensure consistent quality. Everything is handcrafted from scratch and made in tiny batches, with nothing less than ingredients as real premium French butter, Madagascar vanilla and Varlhona chocolate.Preservatives are never used because cupcakes are meant to be enjoyed fresh from the oven. There are 20+ optio ns that can be chosen and it could be customized to suit an event. Blushing Cupcakes Club 650 Libis, beside Shopwise (Main Branch) (02) 986-0704 (02) 664-0538 Website: http://blushingcupcakes. multiply. com/ Bracnch: Sky Garden, SM North EDSA (Near Sky Dome) Blushing Cupcakes was established in November 2006 as a home business catering to friends and referrals only. Then named Happy Cupcakes, the business' clientele started to grow as it distributed cupcakes to different offices, schools and bazaars.On November of 2007, just after a year when it started, the business expanded to set up its first branch in Libis, Quezon City. It was renamed to Blushing Cupcakes. Now, more people get to enjoy their cupcakes. They offer cupcakes of different decorations but mainly chocolate and mocha flavor that can be paired to their coffee product but sold separately. Their company sells the cupcakes wholesale and retail. The style of the cupcakes can also be changed depending on the client’s wants, it can be formed from tower to simply a box of cupcake.Aside from cupcakes, they offer Pastas, Sandwiches, Pizza, Floats and coffee in their main branch only. Indirect Competitors Lemon Square Head Office: 91 Sampalok St. Libtong, Meycauayan Bulacan, Philippines Tel. No. : (632) 983-9417 to 19 Fax No. : (632) 984-9142 Lemon Square's owner Dulce had always dreamed of producing the best-tasting and the highest-quality cupcakes in the Philippines, and to make these available to millions of Filipinos at a very reasonable price. She had worked on the vision for Lemon Square in her college thesis in 1980.Lemon Square had its humble beginnings in 1985 when it started to offer local communities a small selection of homemade-style baked goods. Then newly-married Dulce began baking cakes to sell to her friends. Word-of-mouth soon became the primary driving force for her cakes as demand went through the roof. She and her husband Errol soon had to buy more cake-making machines, hire more people, increase production and enhance its variety to keep up with demand and to cater to the preferences of the market.In 1995, Lemon Square had to thoroughly modernize its operations to keep up with the times. It did so by acquiring a state-of-the-art baking system that enhanced its production and efficiency. Fresh Lemon Square products can be found in major supermarkets, groceries, convenience stores, market stalls, institutional canteens sari-sari stores and snack stands in the major cities and provinces of the Philippines. Only the best local and important ingredients are used, processed through advanced, fully-automated bread-making and packaging machines from Europe.Frostings Cupcakes Trinoma Mall 3rd Level Edsa corner North Avenue, Quezon City Mobile no. : 0922-8790357 Shangri-La, Rustans 3rd Floor Children's Division, MandaluyongCity Mobile no. : 0922-8980271 Their stores are charming showcases of the way they put care and love in the preparation of our cupcakes. From the soft colors of the walls, to the eye-catching display of our delectable treats, to the cheerful elegance of packaging, and the efficient attentiveness of staff, they make sure that their stores eloquently embody firm commitment to superior quality and service.Cupcakes can also be a take home, experience it by getting a few boxes of cupcakes to share with your family or to give to your friends as a delicious gourmet gift. To enjoy Frostings Cupcakes the way they're meant to be enjoyed, one should be sure to protect them from direct exposure to sunlight, to store them in room temperature, and to consume them within a week from purchase. Their cupcakes are made fresh daily by bakers who seriously take to heart the essence of the Frostings cupcake. Each day, bakers competently rise up to the challenge of bringing the best quality cupcakes in the freshest condition possible.They spend the day in the kitchen and stay there as long as necessary to ensure that the quality of the cupcakes i s uncompromised. Sweet Lorraine Bakeshop Manila, Philippines www. sweetlorrainebakeshop. com Sweet Lorraine Bakeshop has their signature in their products, the sweetness, tanginess and creaminess of Cream Cheese Frosting and also sweet, creamy made with natural ingredients of their Butter Cream. They have caramel sauce, honeycomb and lemon curd crushed or drizzled into their cupcakes, cookies and butter cream.They would rather refuse an order if they are unable to source fresh ingredients but sometimes, best ingredients cost the most. They make everything from scratch materials. The bakeshop does not specialize in cupcakes but it is on of their offered products like their Classic Miniature cupcakes made with real vanilla beans, topped with smooth vanilla butter cream, Chocolateaholic Cupcakes, deeply sinful dark chocolate cake topped with silky smooth ganache and chocolate sprinkles and Lemon-drenched Loaf. They also have brownies like Fudge Brownies, the fudgiest richest brownies.B utterscotch Cookies are also offered with buttery caramel and ribbons of chewy and crunchy butterscotch, White Chocolate Cookies, sweet, chewy vanilla cookies with chunks of creamy Belgian white chocolate made from pure cocoa butter and sprinkled with sea salt, and Chewy Chocolate Chip Cookies, highly addictive chewy, buttery cookies made with finest Belgian bittersweet chocolate. This bakeshop is created by Lorraine Nepomuceno. Located in Manila, Philippines and is home-based. Everything is baked fresh upon order without preservatives or stabilizers and from all natural ingredients.To make the products flavorful, they use the best ingredients that are already available for them, this just means the available freshest ingredients. The products are made with the passion on the flavor. XV. Key Success Factors Before opening a bakery there are several important decisions to make. Incorporators should determine how they want to start. They will need to decide how to sell baked goods suc cessfully. The following should be considered: * Making a goal to reach a certain level of profit * Strategic Location * Quality Product * Reliability in delivery Accessibility and Convenience * People skills: Dealing with employees, customers, vendors, etc. * Advertisement Efficiency * Know Competitor’s behavior XVI. Own Marketing Program / Strategies 4. Product Strategy BBS Co. cupcakes are packed and made with essential vitamins and nutrients from fresh Ampalaya or bitter melon, it is also made from vegetable oil which is healthier than ordinary cooking oil. They are also made appetizing and affordable for the market. The packaging that will be used deals with the eco-friendly packaging with the logo of the corporation on it.It would not be an expensive packaging since the product will be supplied and the clients can make use of their own package or plating. The cupcakes will not have its specific name for they will only be mainly supplied and distributed to some businesse s like cafes, tea shops, restaurants, hotels and other small bakeries. Pictures of BBS Co. Ampalaya Cupcakes 5. Pricing Strategy The corporation will make cupcakes to be sold through the manufacturing place and be mainly engaging in direct selling. This means that the cupcakes will be sold in volumes; this will lessen the cost for operations in the company.The packaging is also made plain and low-priced materials but the attractiveness of it will be maintained. BBS Co. is offering price that has very reasonable means for every client without forfeiting the quality of the cupcakes. The lower the operating cost means that this will make the company profit. For the mode of payment, the company will have its business deal to the clients through payment by cash or credit. They can also deposit to the company through BBS Corporation’s bank account. Competitive Pricing among Competitors SIZE| PRICE| Supplier| Single cupcake| Php 54. 00 (Suggested)| BBS.Corp. | | Php60. 00 – 1 00. 00| Cupcakes by Sonja| | Php 65. 00| Blushing cupcakes| 6. Distribution Strategy BBS Co. Ampalaya cupcakes will be distributed to different establishments, especially cafes, tea shops or restaurants within Cubao that sells cupcakes. Direct selling will be implemented to these establishments and it will give advantage for it will lower the supplier’s operating cost and minimize the cost for demand. 7. Promotion Strategy ` a. Sales and Promotion Program Consumer awareness is a special factor to be considered by BBS C. since our product is a new entrant in the industry.We made a plan that will give guarantee to our Corporation that they would reach the projected sales and make it appealing to the market, maintaining the loyalty or the consumers. DATE| SALES AND PROMOTION PLAN| OBJECTIVES| November| Free taste of BBS Co. Ampalaya cupcakes to its target markets. | To promote the cupcakes and get the total number of clients. | December| Start of operation. Discounts for the fir st 10 clients with a least purchase of 50 boxes. | Increase number of clients. | January – March| Free cupcakes for the season for first 10 clients with the least purchase of 50 boxes of cupcakes every week. To make the market aware to our product through printed ads seen by consumers and promotions. | PROMO FOR THE 1st YEAR OF OPERATION| 5% discount for every new clients for their first order. | Gain loyalty and increase number of clients. | WHOLE OPERATION| Credit payment. | Make payment easy for the clients and gain their loyalty. | a. Advertising program Promotion is necessary for a new entrant company to introduce its product to the industry and be appealing to its target market. BBS Co. is implementing business to business selling. We still make ways to let the market familiar about the existence of our company that produces cupcakes. . Public Relations Program INFORMATIONAL:  Complete amount information revealed when it is advertised. Before people become interested in BBS Co. cupcakes they will need to know more information. These include information about the product and public awareness. The company will increase number of Public ads like posters and leaflets. The proponents will also make the company’s own website. With more information people can better decide whether or not they want to further their interest. ATTITUDINAL:  Getting the name out there and creating awareness is important along with informing potential buyers of the product and services.Information will do nothing without a sort of persuasion. Thus, the company want audiences to walk away with a positive attitude and desire for more information. This will increase curiosity. BEHAVIORAL:  To increase audience’s intent to purchase the product, the company will do its specific objectives. An objective to change the behavior of potential buyers is first and for most the intent. After spreading awareness and changing the initial attitudes of audiences, the final goal is to make people  want  to buy the product and then finally purchase. F. Marketing/ Selling Expenses The table underneath shows the marketing expense of BBS Co. or the first year of its operation. After this year the annual expense will only retain the expense for print ads, cash donations and website, amounting Php70, 500. 00 per year. BBS Co. will have survey and free taste of Ampalaya cupcakes to its projected markets. In the opening of the company, discounts for the first 10 clients with least purchase of 50 boxes will be given. For the next 3 months, there will be free cupcakes for the season for first 10 clients with the least purchase of 50 boxes of cupcakes every week. For the 1st whole year, 5% discount for every new clients for their first order.The schedule below shows when and how much will be the expenses for marketing the product. | Nov| Dec| Jan| Feb| Mar| Apr| May| Jun| Jul| Aug| Sep| Oct| Cost| Leaflets| ? | ? | ? | | ? | | | ? | ? | ? | | | P3,000| Billb oard| ? | | ? | | ? | | ? | | ? | | ? | | P10,000| Posters| ? | | | ? | | | ? | | | ? | | | P7,500| Discounts| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | P18,000| Website ;Facebook| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Free| Free Taste| ? | ? | ? | | | | | | | | | | P3,500| Cash donations| | ? | | | | | | | | | | | P50,000| Free Cupcakes| | ? | ? ? | | | | | | | | | P15,000| Total Cost| P107,000| A. Technical Production Description BBS Corporation is very popular in producing Ampalaya Cupcakes with high quality and consumers can assure that the company’s product have gone through proper process before producing it out to the market. The company will be known to its healthy and delicious cupcake all over the Philippines. For generations, Ampalaya or Bitter Gourd has been part of the traditional herbal medicines and has been attributed to alleviate or cure a wide variety of ailments, and BBS Corporation is found to be more potent.That is why, the team decided to use Ampalaya to be one of our ingredients in making cupcakes and its benefits to capture a large number of consumers. The team added fillings to make the company’s cupcake more nutritious like; Cheese that is very good source of calcium. It is a well-known fact that calcium helps build strong bones and helps fight against osteoporosis. Another filling is the Strawberry Jam, a very low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium. It is also a good source of Vitamin C. The Banana Jam which majority of the people knows that it is rich in calories, but very low in fats.It contains good amount of health benefiting anti-oxidants, minerals, and vitamins. Lastly is the Mango Jam which is very low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol and Sodium. It is also a good source of Dietary Fiber and Vitamin B6, and a very good source of Vitamin A and Vitamin C. People should know that Ampalaya contains a mixture of flavonoids and alkaloids make the Pancreas produce more insulin that controls the blood sugar in diabetics. Aside from Ampalaya’s medicinal value, it is a good source of vitamins A, B and C, iron, folic acid, phosphorous and calcium.It is also rich in antioxidants that protect the cells of the body from damage of free radicals. In making Ampalaya cupcake, we only use a little amount of sugar and chocolate to slightly eliminate the bitter taste of Ampalaya. The consumers can expect that our product, Ampalaya Cupcake will not only give a simple cupcake that people can eat anytime and anywhere but a cupcake with nutritional value of Ampalaya. B. Production/Operation Process * Preparation of Raw Materials and ingredients * Mixing and Baking of all the Ingredients * Quality Control and Inspection Packaging and Storing * Delivery i. Step by Step Procedure Step 01: Prepare all the ingredients and raw materials needed Step 02: Preheat oven to 350 degrees Step 03: Line cupcake pans with paper liners Step 04: Combine all dry Ingredients in a large mixing bowl. Mix at low speed for 30 seconds, scrapping bowl constantly while mixing. Mix at high speed for 3 minutes, scraping bowl every minute Step 05: Add eggs and mix again until the color changed into dirty white. Add liquid food color if desired.Step 06: Pour batter into cupcake liners until they are 1/2 to 2/3 full and add the fillings. Step 07: Bake for 20 to 25 minutes or until toothpick inserted in center comes out clean Step 08: Cool 10-15 minutes in pans then move to wire rack to cool completely Step 09: Melt the chocolate bar using double broilers, stir it until it melts and add condensed milk Step 10: Add butter in melted chocolate for glossy texture Step 11: Pour the melted chocolate in cupcakes and make designs using mini mallows, rainbow sprinkles, nips or flower (candy)Step 12: Package properly and keep it in a cool temperature. ii. Duration per Step per Batch Duration per Production| Mixing Duration| 15 minutes| Baking Duration| 20 minutes| Packaging Duration| 60 minutes| Checking Durat ion| 15 minutes| Total Number of Production per Bake| 816 pieces| Total Time Duration| 1 hour and 50 minutes| iii. Labor and Machine Requirements per Step Steps in Production| Laborer| Equipment| Step 1: Mixing all the ingredients needed to make Ampalaya Cupcakes. | Mixer| Mixer| Step 2: After mixing all the ingredients, baker will bake it to transform it into a cupcake using oven with necessary time duration. Baker| Oven (accommodates 34 trays)| Step 3: After baking, the packager will place the cupcakes in their respective boxes. | Packager| Cupcake Box (Packaging)| Step 4: Quality Control Inspectorwill check the quality and number of products for producing it out to the market. | Quality Control Inspector| Boxes Checked| Step 5: If the products are already checked, It will be deliver to customers by the delivery boy. | Delivery Boy| BBS Corp. Delivery Truck| C. Production Schedule i. Monthly Schedule Monthly Units Plan for 2013| Ampalaya Cupcake with Fillings|Month| Ampalaya-Banan a Cupcake| Ampalaya- Cheese Cupcake| Ampalaya Mango Cupcake| Ampalaya- Strawberry- Cupcake| Monthly Units| January| 9,389| 9,389| 9,389| 9,389| 37,556| February| 8,958| 8,959| 8,958| 8,959| 35,834| March| 8,445| 8,445| 8,445| 8,445| 33,780| April| 6,506| 6,506| 6,506| 6,506| 26,024| May| 6,008| 6,008| 6,008| 6,008| 24,032| June| 8,702| 8,702| 8,702| 8,702| 34,808| July| 8,445| 8,445| 8,445| 8,445| 33,780| August| 6,505| 6,505| 6,505| 6,505| 26,020| September| 7,164| 7,164| 7,164| 7,164| 28,656| October| 7,163| 7,163| 7,163| 7,163| 28,652| November| 7,696| 7,696| 7,696| 7,696| 30,784|December| 8,641| 8,641| 8,641| 8,641| 34,564| Annual Units| 93,622| 93,623| 93,622| 93,623| 374,490| Annual Packages Plan for 2013| Product| Ampalaya-Banana Cupcake| Ampalaya- Cheese Cupcake| Ampalaya Mango Cupcake| Ampalaya- Strawberry- Cupcake| Annual Units (Box)| Box of 1| 46,822 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,823 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,822 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 46,823 boxes/ pieces cupcakes| 187,29 0 boxes/pieces cupcakes| Box of 6| 7,800 boxes(46,800 pieces cupcakes)| 7,800 boxes(46,800 pieces cupcakes)| 7,800 boxes(46,800 pieces cupcakes)| 7,800 boxes(46,800 pieces cupcakes)| 31,200 boxes (187,200 pieces upcakes)| Total| 54,622 boxes| 54,623 boxes| 54,622 boxes| 54,623 boxes| 218,490 boxes| D. Labor Requirement Labor Requirement for making and producing Ampalaya cupcakes are the following; Mixer is a person who mixes all the dry and wet ingredients as the first step in making Ampalaya Cupcake. Baker is a person who will taste and bake the cupcakes using oven only after the mixer finish his/her job. He/she will also be responsible for checking the quality of all the ingredients that will be using. Packager is a person who will place the cupcakes in the respective boxes only after the baker done the process of baking.Quality Control Inspector is a person who will count the number of units that the BBS Corporation will produce as well as the quality of the finished products. De livery Boys are the person responsible for delivering the cupcakes with care to all the costumers only after the checker had counted all the units. Security Guards are responsible for keeping the property safe 24/7. Man Powers| Number of Man Power| Mixer| 2| Baker| 2| Packager| 2| Quality Control Inspector| 1| Delivery Boy| 2| Security Guards| 2| TOTAL| 11| E. Machinery/Equipment Requirement EQUIPMENT| DESCRIPTION| QTY| PRICE(PHP)|Exhaust Fan| Capture smoke and draw out stale or impure air from the production area, also used for ventilation. | 1| 5,500| Gas Range| This type of stove combines different ways of fuelling the cooking, for the purpose of different types of cooking. | 1| 10,000| Gas Tank| Large gas tank used for cooking| 2| 5,360| Generator| A device that supplies electricity during power outages. It provides continuous power to use the essential appliances| 1| 55,000| Mixer| A machine that mixes large amount of ingredients at a desired speed| 1| 23,000| Oven| Used for ba king or roasting.It can be heated by electricity, gas, oil and coal. It accommodates 34 trays| 1| 80,000| Transport Cabinet| An enclosed cabinet used to keep food warm, proof dough or transport large amounts of goods from one area to another. It can accommodate 50 trays. | 1| 7. 000| TOTAL| PHP 185,860| DELIVERY EQUIPMENTS EQUIPMENT| DESCRIPTION| QTY| PRICE(PHP)| Push Cart| Use to carry or transfer large amount of orders/boxes| 2| 3,600| Van| Four wheel vehicle use to deliver large amount of orders in a far location| 2| 350,000| TOTAL| PHP 353,600| PRODUCTION SUPPLIES ITEM| DESCRIPTION| QTY| PRICE(PHP)|CUPCAKE MOLDER| Used to mold and hold the amount of product| 50| 24,950| ROUND CUPCAKE MOLD| Use to present and hold the amount of product| 50,000| 25,000| HEART SHAPE CUPCAKE MOLD| Used to present and hold the amount of product during February| 50,000| 25,000| Baking Chopping Board| A durable board used to place the material to be cut| 4| 600| Clean Up Cloth| Use for cleaning and dry ing wet surfaces in the production or office area| 20| 100| Face mask| Worn in the face for protection during working hours| 2(By Box)| 260| Gloves| Used by the employees in the production area for their protection and sanitation during working hours| 2(By Box)| 200| Liquid Dish Soap| Concentrated liquid soap used only for washing the dishes| 3| 180| Liquid Hand Soap| Concentrated liquid soap used to wash hands after human defecation or urination and before working with the production| 3| 200| Measuring Cups (Liquid)| Used primarily to measure the volume of the liquid or solid baking ingredients| 4(by set)| 600| Measuring Cups (Dry)| A dry measuring cup is used for measuring solid cooking ingredient| 4(by set)| 400| Measuring Spoon| A spoon kitchen utensils used to measure the amount of an ingredient, either liquid or solid| 4(By set)| 400| Mixing Bowl| It is a bowl used for mixing ingredients. | 5| 1,750| Oven Gloves| Used o hold the hot tray and also for the employees protection| 10(By Set)| 550| Spatula| A heavy duty rubber spatula is a super b object for scrapping ingredients from the surface of the mixing containers| 5| 1250| Paper Wrap| An Eco-friendly paper used for sealing or covering the food| 1,000(By Roll)| 12,000| Tray| Kind of non sticky material where cupcakes are laid before putting up in the oven| 40| 3,000| Masking Tape| Used to seal the paper wrap to the foil| 1(By box)| 630| Hairnet| Used to hold the hair and to prevent from contaminating the food| 1(By plastic)| 150| TOTAL| | PHP 94,220| SUMMARY OF EXPENSES| PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT| PHP 185,860| DELIVERY EQUIPMENT| PHP 353,600| PRODUCTION SUPPLIES| PHP 94,220| TOTAL| PHP 633,680| F.Raw Materials Requirements All-purpose flour | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (1260Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| 27 kilos| PHP 25. 20| PHP 176. 40| | Week| 189 kilos| PHP 25. 20| PHP 4,762. 80| | Month| 810 kilos| PHP 25. 20| PHP 20,412. 00| | Year| 9,558 kilos| PHP 25. 20| PHP 240,861. 60| White Sugar | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (1850Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| 9 kilos| PHP 37. 00| PHP 333. 00| | Week| 63 kilos| PHP 37. 00| PHP 2,331. 00| | Month| 270 kilos| PHP 37. 00| PHP 9,990. 00| | Year| 3,186 kilos| PHP 37. 00| PHP 117,882. 00| Baking Soda | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (966Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| 1 kilo| PHP 19. 32| PHP 19. 32| Week| 7 kilos| PHP 19. 32| PHP 135. 24| | Month| 30 kilos| PHP 19. 32| PHP 579. 60| | Year| 354 kilos| PHP 19. 32| PHP 6, 839. 28| Baking Powder | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (960Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| 1 kilo| PHP 19. 20| PHP 19. 20| | Week| 7 kilos| PHP 19. 20| PHP 134. 40| | Month| 30 kilos| PHP 19. 20| PHP 576. 00| | Year| 354 kilos| PHP 19. 20| PHP 6,796. 80| Chocolate Bar | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECE| WHOLE (30. 00Php/PIECE)| | Day| 12 pieces| PHP 360. 00| PHP 360. 00| | Week| 84 pieces| PHP 360. 00| PHP 2,520. 00| | Month| 360 pieces| PHP 360. 00| PHP 10,800. 00| | Year| 4,248 pieces| PHP 360. 00| PHP 127,440. 00 | Ground Cinnamon PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (11665Php/SACK of 50KILOS)| | Day| ? kilo| PHP 233. 30| PHP 116. 65| | Week| 3 ? kilos| PHP 233. 30| PHP 408. 28| | Month| 15 kilos| PHP 233. 30| PHP 1,749. 75| | Year| 177 kilos| PHP 233. 30| PHP 20, 647. 05| Vegetable Oil | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/LITRE| WHOLE (1205Php/CONTAINER)| | Day| 1 litre| PHP 70. 88| PHP 70. 88| | Week| 7 litres| PHP 70. 88| PHP 496. 16| | Month| 30 litres| PHP 70. 88| PHP 2,126. 40| | Year| 354 litres| PHP 70. 88| PHP 25,091. 52| Cheese | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/GRAMS| WHOLE (110Php/450g)| | Day| 135 grams| PHP 110. 00| PHP 330. 00| | Week| 945 grams| PHP 110. 00| PHP 2,310. 00| Month| 4,050 grams| PHP 110. 00| PHP 9,900. 00| | Year| 47,790 grams| PHP 110. 00| PHP 116,820. 00| Eggs (Medium Size) | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/TRAY(30 PIECES)| WHOLE (141Php/TRAY30pcs)| | Day| 125 pieces| PHP 141. 00| PHP 587. 50| | Week| 875 pieces| PHP 141. 00| PHP 4,112. 50| | Month| 3,750 pieces| PHP 141. 00| PHP 17,625,0 0| | Year| 44,250 pieces| PHP 141. 00| PHP 207,975. 00| Evaporated Milk | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/ MILILITERS| WHOLE (41Php/300 MILILITERS)| | Day| 900 mL| PHP 41. 00| PHP 123. 00| | Week| 6,300 mL| PHP 41. 00| PHP 861. 00| | Month| 27,000 mL| PHP 41. 00| PHP 3,690. 00| | Year| 318,600 mL| PHP 41. 00| PHP 43,542. 00| Condensed Milk PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/ MILILITERS| WHOLE (46Php/300MILILITERS)| | Day| 300 mL| PHP 46. 00| PHP 46. 00| | Week| 2,100 mL| PHP 46. 00| PHP 322. 00| | Month| 9,000 mL| PHP 46. 00| PHP 1,380. 00| | Year| 106,200 mL| PHP 46. 00| PHP 16,284. 00| Mini Marshmallows | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PACK| WHOLE (10Php/PACK)| | Day| 2 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 20. 00| | Week| 14 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 140. 00| | Month| 60 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 600. 00| | Year| 708 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 3,540. 00| Candy Flower | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PACK| WHOLE (10Php/PACK)| | Day| 6 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 60. 00| | Week| 42 packs| PHP 10. 00| PHP 420. 00| | Month| 180 packs| PHP 10. 00 | PHP 1,800. 00| | Year| 2,124 packs| PHP 10. 0| PHP 21,240. 00| Rainbow Sprinkles | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PACK| WHOLE (15Php/PACK)| | Day| 2 packs| PHP 15. 00| PHP 30. 00| | Week| 14 packs| PHP 15. 00| PHP 210. 00| | Month| 60 packs| PHP 15. 00| PHP 900. 00| | Year| 708 packs| PHP 15. 00| PHP 10,620. 00| Nips (Chocolate) | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PACK| WHOLE (20Php/PACK)| | Day| 3 packs| PHP 20. 00| PHP 60. 00| | Week| 21 packs| PHP 20. 00| PHP 420. 00| | Month| 90 packs| PHP 20. 00| PHP 1,800. 00| | Year| 1,062 packs| PHP 20. 00| PHP 21,240. 00| Fresh Ampalaya | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/KILO| WHOLE (469Php/50 KILOS)| | Day| 35 kilos| PHP 9. 38| PHP 328. 30| | Week| 245 kilos| PHP 9. 8| PHP 2,298. 10| | Month| 1,050 kilos| PHP 9. 38| PHP 9,849. 00| | Year| 12,390 kilos| PHP 9. 38| PHP 116,218. 20| Mango Jam | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (145Php/200 grams)| | Day| 3 bottles| PHP 145. 00| PHP 435. 00| | Week| 21 bottles| PHP 145. 00| PHP 3,045. 00| | Month| 90 bottles| PHP 145. 00| PHP 13,050. 00| | Year| 1,095 bottles| PHP 145. 00| PHP 158,775. 00| Banana Jam | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (120Php/200 grams)| | Day| 3 bottles| PHP 120. 00| PHP 360. 00| | Week| 21 bottles| PHP 120. 00| PHP 2,520. 00| | Month| 90 bottles| PHP 120. 00| PHP 10,800. 00| | Year| 1,095 bottles| PHP 120. 00| PHP 131,400. 00| Strawberry Jam PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (100Php/200 grams)| | Day| 3 bottles| PHP 100. 00| PHP 300. 00| | Week| 21 bottles| PHP 100. 00| PHP 2,100. 00| | Month| 90 bottles| PHP 100. 00| PHP 9,000. 00| | Year| 1,095 bottles| PHP 100. 00| PHP 109,500. 00| Single cupcake box (3 ? inches) | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (204Php/24 PIECES)| | Day| 1,026 pieces| PHP 8. 50| PHP 8,721. 00| | Week| 7,182| PHP 8. 50| PHP 61,047. 00| | Month| 30,780| PHP 8. 50| PHP 261,630. 00| | Year| 374,490| PHP 8. 50| PHP 3,183,165| Cupcake  box  of 6 | PERIOD| QUANTITY| PRICE/PIECES| WHOLE (270Php/24 PIECES)| | Day| 1,026 pieces| PHP 11. 25| PHP 11,542. 50| | Week| 7,182| PHP 11. 25| PHP 80,797. 50| Month| 30,780| PHP 11. 25| PHP 346,275. 50| | Year| 374,490| PHP 11. 25| PHP 4,213,012. 5| SUMMARY OF RAW MATERIALS EXPENSES| Total Raw Material Cost Per Day| PHP 24,038. 75| Total Raw Material Cost Per Week| PHP 168,271. 25| Total Raw Material Cost Per Month| PHP 721,162. 50| Total Raw Material Cost Per Year| PHP 8,898,889. 95| G. Plan/Factory Location The Incorporators decided to put up the Manufacturing and office area in the same location. It will be situated at #56, 20th Ave. Murphy Cubao, Quezon City. The company choose Cubao to build their main office due to it is very strategic and accessible to many commercial areas here in Metro Manila.All supplies needed for production is available. H. Plant Layout AREA| WIDTH| LENGTH| 200 square meters| 164,145. 33 Square inches(105. 90 sq. meters)| 145,855. 30 Square Inches(94. 10 sq. meters)| I. Waste Disposal System Proper segregation of waste is very important to avoid any da ngerous bacteria and viruses that may cause bad effect to the company as well as to the product. Garbage disposal in any places inside and outside of the company is very necessary to make duties less demanding. All biodegradable, non-biodegradable and recyclable are separated so that, it can avoid any leakage and bad odor. By doing this, it can also help other people to make money through garbage.It can also be a source of income by selling recyclable waste to any junk shops especially dead batteries, metals, bulbs, plastic bottles, and cans. Kitchen wastes can be used for planting as fertilizer and this shouldn’t be burned because it may add up carbon dioxide emission which is bad for every individuals health as well as to our planet. J. Quality Control System BBS Corporation is very delicate with the quality control of its product as the company’s matter of safety and achieving its goal to satisfy consumers. The team ensure that the BBS Corporation’s product c ame from good quality of ingredients so that customers can assure that the product done its safety and right procedure before externalizing to the market.The company has a quality control inspector who will check the products of BBS Corporation. All the cupcakes must do its proper procedure to maintain its quality. If the cupcake/s does not pass the inspection, all of it will sell in cheapest price for the company at least to recover from all the expenses used. The quality control inspection will cover the texture, color, the packaging, and the appearance of the Ampalaya Cupcake. Cleanliness and Sanitation The primary concern of the company is to maintain cleanliness and sanitation in kitchen, working areas like office, comfort rooms, inside and outside of the company and even the employees must sanitize their hands every 15 minutes of working hours.This is a responsibility of the company to keep the surroundings away from any effects that may cause to company’s product and s ervices. All equipment use to make products is strictly prohibited to leave it without washing and dry cleaning properly after used. Employees should be wearing desired uniform during working hours with disposable gloves and hair covers. Accident Prevention, Crisis Management, and Food Safety To show a tangible love and care to our valued customers as well as to our employees, solutions are ready to prevent any inconvenience to make target number of products. Employees should be always warned or aware about safety precautions.To prevent accidental poisoning that customers may get from our products, the proponents make sure that cleaning detergents and different kinds of anti-insects, viruses, and or bacteria are in different storage or cabinet away from ingredients that used to make cupcakes. Chemicals or film developing products are locked away. Any suspicious gas leaks from the kitchen and office appliances should be always checked. First aid kit should be always ready for any acc idents may occur and there should be reminders for safety checklists posted indoors. For fire and burn prevention, everyone should know where the exit doors located, maps for fire escape plan and routes is posted in company’s wall lane. Fire extinguisher is kept inside the kitchen, garage and near a fireplace.Smoke detectors and CCTV Cameras are installed throughout the company and batteries should be always checked, security guard/s should always roam around. Fireplace chimney is professionally cleaned yearly or 6 months after if necessary. And electrical sockets not in use should be unplugged at all times. For food safety, employees must washed their hands every 15 minutes of working hours and must wear desired uniform like, hairnets, disposable gloves, masks, apron and close shoes. Food poisoning is prevented through safe food storage and preparation, all cabinets must locked properly, dry and wet ingredients separated through food dividers. Hand Washing and Clothing To av oid cross contamination, proper hand sanitizing is done every 15 minutes of working hours.Personal hygiene for employees is very important since they’re in food industry. Their uniforms are always checked by the kitchen head as well as employees condition. Proper attire and grooming of all employees before and after the work is encouraged. Dressing rooms of all employees must maintain cleanliness at all times. K. Production Cost i. Total Production Per Year FOIL CONTAINERS| UNITS PRODUCED| Per Day| 1,026| Per Week| 7,182| Per Month| 30,780| Per Year| 374,490| ii. Production Cost per Unit Ampalaya Cupcake INGREDIENT| WEIGHT/PIECES/QTY. | COST PER DAY (PHP)| All-purpose flour| 27,000 grams| PHP 176. 40| Sugar| 9,000 grams| PHP 333. 00| Baking Soda| 1,000 grams| PHP 19. 32|Baking Powder| 1,000 grams| PHP 19. 20| Chocolate Bar| 12 pieces| PHP 360. 00| Ground Cinnamon| 500 grams| PHP 116. 65| Vegetable Oil| 1000 milliliters| PHP 70. 88| Cheese| 135 grams| PHP 330. 00| Eggs| 125 pi eces| PHP 587. 50| Evaporated milk| 900 milliliters| PHP 123. 00| Condensed Milk| 300 milliliters| PHP 46. 00| Mini marsh mallows| 2 packs| PHP 20. 00| Candy Flower| 6 packs| PHP 60. 00| Rainbow Sprinkles| 2 packs| PHP 30. 00| Nips (chocolate)| 3 packs| PHP 60. 00| Fresh Ampalaya| 35 kilos| PHP 328. 30| Banana Jam| 900 grams| PHP 435. 00| Mango Jam| 900 grams| PHP 360. 00| Strawberry Jam| 900 grams| PHP 300. 00| Single cupcake box| 1,026 pieces| PHP 8,721. 00|Cupcake  box  of 6| 1,026 pieces | PHP 11,542. 50| TOTAL| | PHP 24,038. 75| PRICING SIZE| COST| SUGGESTED PRICE| Single cupcake box(3 ? inches)| PHP 44. 00| PHP 54. 00| SIZE| COST| SUGGESTED PRICE| Cupcake  box  of 6| PHP